Exercise in Older Adults to Prevent Depressive Symptoms at the Time of Covid-19: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial with Follow-Up

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 2, 17]], 'date-time': '2023-02-17T11:52:10Z', 'timestamp': 1676634730034}, 'reference-count': 25, 'publisher': 'Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-03-15T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1647302400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinical-practice-and-epidemiology-in-mental-health.com', 'benthamopen.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 15]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This study aimed to verify, through a randomized controlled trial, ' 'whether a medium-intensity mixing/aerobic/anaerobic exercise (accessible to older adults even ' 'with mild chronic diseases) can effectively counteract depressive episodes. A characteristic ' 'of the trial was that the follow-up coincided (unscheduled) with the lockdown due to ' 'Covid-19.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Participants (N=120) were randomized into an intervention group, ' 'performing physical exercise, and a control group. Participants, aged 65 years and older, ' 'belonged to both genders, living at home, and cleared a medical examination, were evaluated ' 'with a screening tool to detect depressive episodes, the PHQ9, at pre-treatment, end of the ' 'trial (12-week), and follow-up (48-week).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>A decrease in the frequency of depressive episodes after the trial ' '(T1) was found in both groups; however, a statistically significant difference was observed ' 'only in the control group (p=0.0039). From T1 to follow-up (conducted during the lockdown), ' 'the frequency of depressive episodes increased in the control group, reaching a frequency ' 'equal to the time of study entry (p=0.788). In the experimental group, the frequency of ' 'depressive episodes did not change at the end of the trial but reached a statistically ' 'significant difference compared to the start of the study (p = 0.004) and was higher than the ' 'control group (p=0.028).</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Moderate-intensity physical exercise can be conducted safely, ' 'benefitting older adults even suffering from mild chronic disorders. Physical exercise seems ' 'to guarantee a long-term preventive effect towards depressive symptoms, especially in serious ' 'stressful situations such as the lockdown due to the Covid-19 pandemic.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration Number ' '(NCT03858114)</jats:title></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.2174/17450179-v18-e2112231', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 3, 15]], 'date-time': '2022-03-15T10:06:41Z', 'timestamp': 1647338801000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 6, 'title': 'Exercise in Older Adults to Prevent Depressive Symptoms at the Time of Covid-19: Results of a ' 'Randomized Controlled Trial with Follow-Up', 'prefix': '10.2174', 'volume': '18', 'author': [ {'given': 'Mauro Giovanni', 'family': 'Carta', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Cesar Ivan', 'family': 'Aviles Gonzalez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Luigi', 'family': 'Minerba', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Massimiliano', 'family': 'Pau', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Mario', 'family': 'Musu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fernanda', 'family': 'Velluzzi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Caterina', 'family': 'Ferreli', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elisa', 'family': 'Pintus', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sergio', 'family': 'Machado', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ferdinando', 'family': 'Romano', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Veronica', 'family': 'Vacca', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Antonio', 'family': 'Preti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Giulia', 'family': 'Cossu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Laura', 'family': 'Atzori', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '965', 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref1', 'unstructured': 'International Monetary Fund Global financial stability report: the quest ' 'for lasting stability \n' ' 2012.\n' ' \n' ' Available from: www.imf.org/External/Pubs/FT/GFSR/ ' '[Accessed April, 2012]'}, { 'key': 'ref2', 'unstructured': 'European Union, Horizon Project, Health, Demographic Change and ' 'Wellbeing \n' ' \n' ' Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/\n' ' ' 'horizon2020/en/h2020-section/health-demographic-change-and-wellbeing ' '[Accessed September, 2016]'}, { 'key': 'ref3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '10', 'DOI': '10.2174/1745017901915010010', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Carta M.G.', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Carta MG, Atzeni M, Perra A, et al. \n' ' Cost-effectiveness of US national institute of ' 'health and european union FP7 projects on active ageing and elderly ' 'quality of life-author’s reply. \n' ' Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health \n' ' 2019; \n' ' 15\n' ' : 10-4.', 'journal-title': 'Clin. 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