Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, recovery, cases, and viral clearance. 10 studies from 9 independent teams in 6 countries show significant benefit.
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 36% [20‑48%] lower risk. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials and slightly worse for peer-reviewed studies. Early treatment is more effective than late treatment.
Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 8 of 17 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.
Control Antihistamine H1RAsH1RAs
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.
Covid Analysis et al., Jul 2025, preprint, 1 author.
