Differential abundance of lipids and metabolites related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 14]], 'date-time': '2023-09-14T04:54:41Z', 'timestamp': 1694667281067}, 'reference-count': 67, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-09-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1694563200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-09-13T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1694563200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/100009947', 'name': 'Merck Sharp and Dohme', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['MISP# IIS 60257']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100004587', 'name': 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['AC17/00019, PI18/00154, COV20/00349, ICI20/00058, PI21/00141']}, { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100015756', 'name': 'Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['Mobility grant']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The mechanisms driving SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility ' 'remain poorly understood, especially the factors determining why unvaccinated individuals ' 'remain uninfected despite high-risk exposures. To understand lipid and metabolite profiles ' 'related with COVID-19 susceptibility and disease progression. We collected samples from an ' 'exceptional group of unvaccinated healthcare workers heavily exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but not ' 'infected (‘non-susceptible’) and subjects who became infected during the follow-up ' '(‘susceptible’), including non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients with different disease ' 'severity providing samples at early disease stages. Then, we analyzed their plasma ' 'metabolomic profiles using mass spectrometry coupled with liquid and gas chromatography. We ' 'show specific lipids profiles and metabolites that could explain SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility ' 'and COVID-19 severity. More importantly, non-susceptible individuals show a unique lipidomic ' 'pattern characterized by the upregulation of most lipids, especially ceramides and ' 'sphingomyelin, which could be interpreted as markers of low susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 ' 'infection. This study strengthens the findings of other researchers about the importance of ' 'studying lipid profiles as relevant markers of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-023-40999-5', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 13]], 'date-time': '2023-09-13T09:02:15Z', 'timestamp': 1694595735000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Differential abundance of lipids and metabolites related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and ' 'susceptibility', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '13', 'author': [ {'given': 'Oihane E.', 'family': 'Albóniga', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Elena', 'family': 'Moreno', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Javier', 'family': 'Martínez-Sanz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Pilar', 'family': 'Vizcarra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Raquel', 'family': 'Ron', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Jorge', 'family': 'Díaz-Álvarez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Marta', 'family': 'Rosas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Matilde', 'family': 'Sánchez-Conde', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Juan Carlos', 'family': 'Galán', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Santiago', 'family': 'Angulo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Santiago', 'family': 'Moreno', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Coral', 'family': 'Barbas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Sergio', 'family': 'Serrano-Villar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 9, 13]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '40999_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '884', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abg6837', 'volume': '371', 'author': 'JP Wong', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Wong, J. 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