0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Wieler (RCT) 56% 0.44 [0.23-0.83] death 7/20 16/20 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.011 Late treatment 56% 0.44 [0.23-0.83] 7/20 16/20 56% lower risk Almanza-R.. (RCT) 94% 0.06 [0.02-0.25] cases 2/114 33/117 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.00012 Prophylaxis 94% 0.06 [0.02-0.25] 2/114 33/117 94% lower risk All studies 82% 0.18 [0.03-1.23] 9/134 49/137 82% lower risk 2 AgNP COVID-19 studies c19early.org May 2025 Tau​2​ = 1.59, I​2​ = 83.8%, p = 0.08 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors AgNP Favors control
Apr 30
 Sati et al., Molecules, doi:10.3390/molecules30092004 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Potential Antiviral Agents: Synthesis, Biophysical Properties, Safety, Challenges and Future Directions─Update Review
Review of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antiviral agents, focusing on their synthesis methods, biophysical properties, safety concerns, and antiviral mechanisms. Authors highlight that AgNPs exhibit promising broad-spectrum antiviral ac..
Mar 28
 Mosidze et al., Global Challenges, doi:10.1002/gch2.202400380 Silver Nanoparticle‐Mediated Antiviral Efficacy against Enveloped Viruses: A Comprehensive Review
Review of silver nanoparticle-mediated antiviral efficacy against enveloped viruses, with particular focus on SARS-CoV-2. Authors examine how AgNPs exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral activity through multiple mechanisms including direct int..
Mar 31
2023
 Wieler et al., Heliyon, doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14419 Reduction in the COVID-19 pneumonia case fatality rate by silver nanoparticles: A randomized case study
56% lower mortality (p=0.01). RCT 40 late stage hospitalized COVID-19 patients on oxygen showing significantly higher survival rates with intravenous silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Authors suggest that antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and antimicrobial prope..
Aug 19
2021
 Almanza-Reyes et al., PLOS ONE, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256401 Evaluation of silver nanoparticles for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health workers: In vitro and in vivo
94% fewer cases (p<0.0001) and 49% improvement (p=0.003). RCT 231 healthcare workers showing significantly lower COVID-19 infection rates with silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) oral and nasal rinses. Authors also report in vitro experiments showing dose-dependent inhibition in cell cultures.