Association between serum vitamins and COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1186/s12879-026-12959-7", "ISSN": [ "1471-2334" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-026-12959-7", "alternative-id": [ "12959" ], "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "11 March 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "20 February 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "28 February 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Ethics approval and consent to participate", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "The ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife (Approval No-ERC/2022/03/05) as part of the larger study on COVID-19 among health workers in OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. All respondents gave voluntary informed consent after being informed of the study’s risks and benefits. No personal identifying information was recorded, and respondents’ data were carefully uploaded on a password-protected computer reserved for the study while being assured of the confidentiality of the information provided. The study complied with ethical standards according to the Declaration of Helsinki for the conduct of research on human subjects." }, { "group": { "label": "Consent for publication", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "Not applicable." }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 4, "value": "The authors declare no competing interests." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Adetunji", "given": "Tajudin Adesegun", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Jeje", "given": "Olusola Akanni", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ojo", "given": "Temitope Olumuyiwa", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Smith", "given": "Olufemi Samuel", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Olarewaju", "given": "Olusola Joseph", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Akanji", "given": "Baderinwa Opeyemi", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Fajobi", "given": "Olusola", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Olumakinde", "given": "Taiwo Samson", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Sule", "given": "Waidi Folorunso", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Akinde", "given": "Sunday Babatunde", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bolarinwa", "given": "Rahman Ayodele", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "BMC Infectious Diseases", "container-title-short": "BMC Infect Dis", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2026-02-28T04:24:44Z", "timestamp": 1772252684000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2026-02-28T04:24:52Z", "timestamp": 1772252692000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2026-02-28T07:02:05Z", "timestamp": 1772262125469, "version": "3.50.1" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2026-02-28T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1772236800000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "am", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ], "date-time": "2026-02-28T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1772236800000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12879-026-12959-7", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1186", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 2, 28 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.3389/fpubh.2022.1009393", "author": "S Naseer", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1009393", "journal-title": "Front Public Health", "key": "12959_CR1", "unstructured": "Naseer S, Khalid S, Parveen S, Abbass K, Song H, Achim MV. 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