Liposomal Lactoferrin as Potential Preventative and Cure for COVID-19
Dr Gabriel Serrano, Iulia Kochergina, Arturo Albors, Eva Diaz, Mar Oroval, Guillen Hueso, Juan M Serrano
International Journal of Research in Health Sciences, doi:10.5530/ijrhs.8.1.3
A prospective observational study was performed in 75 patients with typical symptoms of COVID-19 who tested positive to IgM/IgG rapid test. Patients were isolated and treated at home using remote systems, reviewed twice a day for 10 days, and followed up to 1 month. A liposomal bovine lactoferrin (LLF) nutritional syrup food supplement (32 mg of LF/10 ml plus 12 mg of vitamin C) was administered orally in 4 to 6 doses per day for 10 days. In addition, a zinc solution was administered at the dose of 10 mg/10 ml twice or three times a day. A control group of 12 patients who took only LLF was included. All family members in contact with patients (256 persons) were also treated with half of this dose. The treatment allowed a complete and fast recovery in all patients (100%) within the first 4-5 days. Same treatment at lower dose prevented the disease in healthy persons directly related with the affected patients. Weakness (95%) followed by a dysfunction in the perception of smelling and tasting (88%), cough (83%), muscular pain (67%) were the most frequent complains. LF possess antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects which might be important for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. We conclude that LLF potentially prevent and cure COVID 19 infection.
CONFLICt OF INtErESt
References
Aartjan, Velthuis, Sjoebrd, Zn2+ Inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture, J Med Virol
Actor, Hwang, Kruzel, Lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator, Curr Pharm Des
Adams-Chapman, Stoll, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Bartlam, Yang, Rao, Structural insights into SARS coronavirus proteins, Current Opinion in Structural Biology
Baveye, Elass, Mazurier, Spik, Legrand, Lactoferrin: A multifunctional glycoprotein involved in the modulation of the inflammatory process, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Behrens, Koretzk, Cytokine storn. Looking toward the precision medicine era, Arthritis & Rheumatology
Berlutti, Pantanella, Natalizi, Frioni, Paesano et al., Antiviral properties of lactoferrin-A Natural Immunity Molecule, Molecules
Carvalho, Casseb, Gonçalves, Bovine lactoferrin activity against Chikungunya and Zika viruses, Journal of General Virology
Chang, Sun, Ng, Lactoferrin as potential preventative and treatment for COVID-19
Dic, Wrigh, Bioavailability of a novel form of microencapsulated bovine lactoferrin and its effect on inflammatory markers and the gut microbiome: A pilot study, Nutrients
Du, He, Zhou, Liu, Zheng et al., The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-a target for vaccine and therapeutic development, Nature review Microbiology
Farnaud, Evans, Lactoferrin-a multifunctional protein with antimicrobial properties, Molecular Immunology
Gao, Tian, Yang, Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies, BioScience Trends
García-Montoya, Siqueiros-Cendón, Arévalo-Gallegos, Cruz, Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: An overview, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) General Subjects
Gilbert, Six, Wilson, Wyde, Knight, Small particle aerosols of enviroxime-containing liposomes, Antiviral Res
Hanc Ox, Hasnain, Victor, Azithromycin, cardiovascular risks, QTc interval prolongation, torsade de pointes, and regulatory issues: A narrative review based on the study of case reports, Ther Adv Infect Dis
Hofmann, Pohlmann, Cellular entry of the SARS coronavirus, Trends in Microbiology
Hwang, Olfactory neuropathy in severe acute respiratory syndrome, Acta Neurologica Taiwanica
Ishida, Antiviral activities of Zn2+ ions for viral prevention, replication, capsid protein in intracellular proliferation of viruses, World Scientific News
Ishikado, Imanaka, Kotani, Fujita, Mitsuishi et al., Liposomal lactoferrin induced significant increase of the interferon-alpha (IFN-α) producibility in healthy volunteers, Biofactors
Ishikado, Imanaka, Takeuchi, Liposomalization of lactoferrin enhanced it's anti-inflammatory effects via oral administration, Biol Pharm Bull
Ishikado, Uesaki, Suido, Nomura, Sumikawa et al., Human trial of liposomal lactoferrin supplementation for periodontal disease, Biol Pharm Bull
Joyce, Fabre, Mahon, Hydroxychloroquine cardiotoxicity presenting as a rapidly evolving biventricular cardiomyopathy: key diagnostic features and literature review, Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care
Kaito, Iwasa, Fujita, Effect of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Kamo, Akazawa, Suda, Saga-Kamo, Shimizu et al., Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure, PLoS One
Kuiken, Fouchier, Schutten, Rimmelzwaan, Van Amerongen et al., None
Lang, Yang, Deng, Liu, Yang et al., Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, PLoS One
Li, Li, Farzan, Harrison, Structure of SARS Coronavirus Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Complexed with Receptor, Science
Lippi, Plebani, Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection, Clin Chem Lab Med
Liu, Xiao, Wei, Li, Yang et al., Composition and divergence of coronavirus spike proteins and host ACE2 receptors predict potential intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2
Liu, Ye, Wei, Liu, Singh, Stability during in vitro digestion of lactoferrin-loaded liposomes prepared from milk fat globule membrane-derived phospholipids, J Dairy Sci
Marchetti, Superti, Ammendolia, Rossi, Valenti et al., Inhibition of poliovirus type 1 infection by iron-manganese-and zinc-saturated lactoferrin, Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Martorell, Llopis, Gonzalez, Ramón, Serrano et al., A nutritional supplement containing lactoferrin stimulates the immune system, extends lifespan, and reduces amyloid β peptide toxicity in caenorhabditis elegans, Food Sci Nutr
Morgan, Shatel, Dvorkina, Suspected hydroxychloroquine-associated QT-interval prolongation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, Journal of Clinical Rheumatology
Muller, Holberg-Petersen, Rollag, Degre, Brandtzaeg et al., Nonspecific oral immunity in individuals with HIV infection, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
Ng, Cheung, Wong, Wang, Ip et al., Antiviral activities of whey proteins, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol
Perrier, Bonnin, Desmarets, Danneels, Goffard et al., The C-terminal domain of the MERS coronavirus M protein contains a trans-Golgi network localization signal, J Biol Chem
Puddua, Borghi, Gessani, Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metal ions on early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Reghunathan, Jayapal, Hsu, Chng, Tai et al., Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, BMC Immunology
Reghunathan, Jayapal, Puddua, Borghi, Gessani, Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metalions on early steps of human immunodeciency virus type 1 infection, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Riel, Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Lancet
Serrano, Kochergina, Albors, Diaz, Oroval et al., Liposomal Lactoferrin as Potential Preventative and Cure for COVID-19, Int J Res Health Sci
Serrano, Liposomal Lactoferrin as Potential Preventative and Cure for COVID-19
Shankar, Prasad, Zinc and immune function: The biological basis of altered resistance to infection, Am J Clin Nutr
Sheahan, Sims, Leist, Schäfer, Won et al., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV, Nature Communications
Siqueiros-Cendón, Arévalo-Gallegos, Iglesias-Figueroa, García-Montoya, Salazar-Martínez et al., Immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin, Acta Pharmacol Sin
Stone, There's an unexpected loss of smell and taste in coronavirus patients, Forbes
Suara, Crowe, Effect of zinc salts on respiratory syncytial virus replication, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Swart, Kuipers, Smit, Lactoferrin. Antiviral activity of lactoferrin, Adv Exp Med Biol
Taylor, Farr, Liposomes for drug delivery to the respiratory tract, Drug Develop Ind Pharm
Togawa, Nagase, Tanaka, Inamori, Umezawa et al., Lactoferrin reduces colitis in rats via modulation of the immune system and correction of cytokine imbalance, J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
Wakabayashi, Kurokawa, Shin, Teraguchi, Tamura et al., Oral lactoferrin prevents body weight loss and increases cytokine responses during herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of mice, Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
Wang, Duncan, Lesser, Effect of lactoferrin on taste and smell abnormalities induced by chemotherapy: A proteome analysis, Food Funct
Wang, Horby, Hayden, Gao, A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern, Lancet
Wang, Hu, Hu, Zhu, Liu et al., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA
Wrapp, Wang, Corbett, Goldsmith, Hsieh et al., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation, Science
Wyde, Six, Wilson, Gilbert, Knight, Activity against rhinoviruses, toxicity, and delivery in aerosol of enviroxime in liposomes, Antimicrob Agents Chemother
Xiong, Redwood, Prendergast, Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications, European Heart Journal
Xu, Zhong, Deng, Peng, Dan et al., High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa, International Journal of Oral Science
Yen, Chiu, Huang, Effects of lactoferrin-containing formula in the prevention of enterovirus and rotavirus infection and impact on serum cytokine levels: A randomized trial, Chang Gung Med J
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2022, 8, 8]], 'date-time': '2022-08-08T06:49:58Z', 'timestamp': 1659941398725},
'reference-count': 0,
'publisher': 'EManuscript Technologies',
'issue': '1',
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]},
'DOI': '10.5530/ijrhs.8.1.3',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 9]], 'date-time': '2020-12-09T11:57:05Z', 'timestamp': 1607515025000},
'page': '08-15',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 43,
'title': 'Liposomal Lactoferrin as Potential Preventative and Cure for COVID-19',
'prefix': '10.5530',
'volume': '8',
'author': [ {'given': 'Gabriel', 'family': 'Serrano', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Iulia', 'family': 'Kochergina', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Arturo', 'family': 'Albors', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Eva', 'family': 'Diaz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Mar', 'family': 'Oroval', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Guillen', 'family': 'Hueso', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Juan M', 'family': 'Serrano', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}],
'member': '3478',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]},
'container-title': 'International Journal of Research in Health Sciences',
'original-title': [],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 9]],
'date-time': '2020-12-09T11:57:13Z',
'timestamp': 1607515033000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://ijrhs.org/article/2020/8/1/105530ijrhs813'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]},
'references-count': 0,
'journal-issue': { 'issue': '1',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]}},
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/ijrhs.8.1.3',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2321-7251'],
'subject': ['General Earth and Planetary Sciences', 'General Environmental Science'],
'container-title-short': 'IJRHS',
'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 4, 1]]}}
