Abstract: IWbAKLd1
Partial night sleep deprivation
reduces
natural
and cellular immune
responses
in humans
MICHAEL IRWIN,1
AND J. CHRISTIAN
JOHN
MCCUNTICK,
CAROLYN
of immune function also occur after even
loss of sleep, the effects of early-night
partial
sleep deprivation
on circulating
numbers
of
white blood cells, natural killer (NK) cell number and
cytotoxicity,
lymphokine-activated
killer ([AK)
cell
number
and activity, and stimulated
interleukin-2
(IL-2) production
were studied in 42 medically
and
psychiatrically
healthy male volunteers.
After a night
of sleep deprivation
between
10 P.M. and 3 A.M., a
reduction
of natural immune
responses
as measured
by NK cell activity,
NK activity per number
of NK
cells, LAK activity,
and LAK activity per number
of
[AK precursors
(CD16,56,
CD25)
was found.
In
addition,
concanavalin
A-stimulated
IL-2 production
was suppressed
after
sleep
deprivation
due to
changes in both adherent
and nonadherent
cell populations.
After a night of recovery
sleep, NK activity
returned
to baseline
levels and IL-2 production
remained suppressed.
These data implicate
sleep in the
modulation
of immunity
and demonstrate
that even
a modest disturbance
of sleep produces
a reduction
of natural
immune
responses
and T cell cytokine
production.-Irwin,
M., McClintick, J., Costlow, C.,
Fortner, M., White, J., Gum, J. C. Partial night sleep
deprivation
reduces natural
killer and cellular
immune responses
in humans.
FASEB J. 10, 643-653
(1996)
‘natural
killer cell aclivily
interleukin-2
DISTURBANCE
IS BELIEVED TO adversely
affect host
resistance
to infectious
disease (1, 2). Epidemiologic
data
show that circadian
shift workers who commonly experience disordered
sleep exhibit depressed
cellular immune
function and increased
rates of respiratory
tract infections
(3, 4). In animals, sleep deprivation
lasting only 7 h impairs influenza
viral clearance
and specific influenza antibody production
(5, 6), and sustained
sleep loss has a
lethal outcome due to systemic infection and septicemia
with opportunistic
bacterial microorganisms
(7).
Human studies involving prolonged
sleep loss indicate
alterations
of immune function. However, both enhancing
SLEEP
0892-6638/96/001
0.0643/$01
killer
FORTNER,
JACK WIHTE,
University of California, and San Diego Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego,
ABSTRACT
Prolonged
and severe sleep deprivation is associated
with alterations
of natural and
cellular
immune
function.
To determine
whether
Key Words: immunity
MEUSSA
I IUFI
GILLIN
Departments of Psychiatry,
California 92161, USA
alterations
a modest
COSTLOW,
UMMUNH.A
.50 ©FASEB
and suppressive
effects on natural killer (NK)2 activity
and on lymphocyte
responses
have been reported.
For example, Dinges and colleagues
(8) found in 20 subjects
that 64 h of sleep deprivation
was associated
with leukocytosis
and increased
NK cell activity,
but with no
changes
in lymphocyte
counts or nonspecific
pokeweed
mitogen,
phytohemagglutinin
(PHA), or concanavalin
A
(Con A) lymphocyte
proliferation.
In contrast,
Moldofsky
et al. (9) reported in 10 men that 40 h of sleep loss induced a prolonged
decline in NK activity and a delayed
nocturnal
rise in lymphocyte
proliferation
to pokeweed
mitogen
but not to PHA. Finally,
Palmblad
and colleagues (10) found decreased
PHA-induced
lymphocyte
proliferation
after 4.8 h of wakefulness
in 12 men and increased
interferon
production
and decreased
phagocytic
activity in 8 women deprived of sleep for 77 h..
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