Effects of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on the prognosis of COVID‐19
MD Tugce Apaydin, MD Hamza Polat, Ceyda Dincer Yazan, MD Can Ilgin, MD Onur Elbasan, MD Saida Dashdamirova, Feyza Bayram, MD Elif Tukenmez Tigen, MD Ozan Unlu, MD Ahmet F Tekin, Ebru Arslan, Ipek Yilmaz, MD Goncagul Haklar, Pınar Ata, MD Hulya Gozu
Clinical Endocrinology, doi:10.1111/cen.14664
Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as another potential risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) due to the immunomodulatory effects of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D]. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms such as Fok I, Bsm I, Apa I, and Taq I are also associated with different courses of viral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the VDR gene polymorphism at Fok I, Taq I, Bsm I, and Apa I genotypes and the prognosis of COVID-19 in respect to vitamin D deficiency. Methods: Two-hundred ninety-seven patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Serum 25 (OH)D levels were measured. Four variant regions of the VDR gene, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI were determined.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported. Author contribution statement: All authors made substantial contributions to conception and design, and acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; participated in drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and final approval of the version to be submitted. Ethical Approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants followed the institutional research committee's ethical standards, the 1964 Helsinki declaration, and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
Abbreviations This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Accepted
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'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D '
'deficiency has emerged as another potential risk factor for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) '
'due to the immunomodulatory effects of 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH)D]. Vitamin D receptor '
'(VDR) gene polymorphisms such as Fok I, Bsm I, Apa I, and Taq I are also associated with '
'different courses of viral infections. This study aimed to evaluate the association between '
'the VDR gene polymorphism at Fok I, Taq I, Bsm I, and Apa I genotypes and the prognosis of '
'COVID‐19 in respect to vitamin D '
'deficiency.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Two‐hundred '
'ninety‐seven patients with COVID‐19 were enrolled. Serum 25 (OH)D levels were measured. Four '
'variant regions of the VDR gene, FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI were '
'determined.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Eighty‐three '
'percent of subjects had vitamin D deficiency, and 40.7% of the whole group had severe '
'deficiency. Median 25 (OH)D level was 11.97\u2009ng/ml. Vitamin D levels were not related to '
'inflammatory markers, disease severity, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and '
'mortality. While disease severity was related to Fok I Ff genotype, it was Taq TT genotype '
'for ICU admission. Moreover, the ApaI aa genotype was common among the patients who were '
'died. None of the deceased subjects had the Fok I FF '
'genotype.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>25 (OH)D '
'levels were not related to the severity and mortality of COVID‐19. VDR gene polymorphisms are '
'independently associated with the severity of COVID‐19 and the survival of '
'patients.</jats:p></jats:sec>',
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'name': 'published',
'label': 'Published',
'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}
