Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All HCQ studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19hcq.org COVID-19 treatment researchHCQHCQ (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Prevalence of Diabetes, Management and Outcomes among Covid-19 Adult Patients Admitted in a Specialized Tertiary Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Sheshah et al., Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538
Nov 2020  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Mortality 80% Improvement Relative Risk HCQ for COVID-19  Sheshah et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with HCQ beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 300 patients in Saudi Arabia Lower mortality with HCQ (p=0.001) c19hcq.org Sheshah et al., Diabetes Research and .., Nov 2020 FavorsHCQ Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020
 
*, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 418 studies, recognized in 46 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
5,000+ studies for 104 treatments. c19hcq.org
Retrospective 300 hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia showing HCQ adjusted odds ratio aOR 0.12, p < 0.001.
risk of death, 80.0% lower, RR 0.20, p < 0.001, treatment 267, control 33, odds ratio converted to relative risk.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Sheshah et al., 13 Nov 2020, retrospective, Saudi Arabia, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
This PaperHCQAll
Prevalence of diabetes, management and outcomes among Covid-19 adult patients admitted in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Eman Sheshah, Shaun Sabico, Rashed M Albakr, Anmar A Sultan, Khalaf S Alghamdi, Khaled Al Madani, Hadil A Alotair, Nasser M Al-Daghri
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538
This retrospective study aimed to characterize comorbidities and associated with mortality among hospitalized adults with Covid-19 managed as per the Saudi Ministry of Health protocol in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Medical records of 300 adult patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection and admitted in King Salman Hospital (KSH) from May 1 to July 31, 2020 were included. Medical history, management and outcomes were noted. Males significantly outnumber females (259 versus 41). South Asians comprise 41% of all admitted patients. Mortality rate was 10% and highest among Saudi males (28.9%). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was the most common comorbidity (45.7%). Almost all patients (99%) had pneumonia. Patients > 50 years were three times more likely to die (confidence interval, CI 1.3-6.9; p = 0.01) from Covid-19. Congestive heart failure (odds ratio OR 19.4, CI-1.5-260.0; p = 0.02) and acute kidney injury (OR 11.7,; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Dexamethasone use significantly improved the final outcome based on net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) (p < 0.05). In this single-center study, T2DM was very common among hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Patients > 50 years, those with congestive heart failure and acute kidney injury are at higher risk for worse Covid-19 outcome.
Authors' Contributions ES and SS designed the study. RMA, AAS, KSA, KA and HAA worked in the methodology. SS and NMA did the formal analysis. ES, RMA, AAS, KSA, KA and HAA helped in the data curation. SS wrote the original and revised draft. ES, RMA, AAS, KSA, KA, HAA and NMA handled manuscript review ES and NMA did the study supervision. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
References
Abdi, Jalilian, Sarbarzeh, Vlaisavljevic, Diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review on the current evidences, Diab Res Clin Pract
Al-Daghri, Os, Alokail, Diabetes mellitus type 2 and other chronic non-communicable diseases in the central region, Saudi Arabia (Riyadh cohort 2): a decade of an epidemic, BMC Med
Alexander, Debono, Mammen, COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, J Clin Epidemiol
Alsofayan, Althunayyan, Khan, Hakawi, Assiri, Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A national retrospective study, J Infect Public Health
Arshad, Kilgore, Chaudhry, Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, Int J Infect Dis
Castelnuovo, Costanzo, Antinori, Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational multicentre Italian CORIST study, Eur J Intern Med
Catteau, Dauby, Montourcy, Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Study of 8075 Participants, Int J Antimicrob Agents
Del Sole, Farcomeni, Loffredo, Carnevale, Menichelli et al., Features of severe Covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Clin Invest
Gustafson, Raju, Wu, Ching, Veitch et al., Overcoming barriers: the endothelium as a linchpin of coronavirus disease 2019, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
Hasan, Capstick, Ahmed, Mortality in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and corticosteroids use: a systematic review and meta-analysis Expert, Rev Respir Med
Ip, Berry, Hansen, Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients-An observational study, PLoS ONE
Khaled, Gray, Depression in migrant workers and nationals of Qatar: An exploratory cross-cultural study, Int J Soc Psychiatry
Liang, Liu, Chen, Ye, Li et al., Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus, Diab Res Clin Pract
Macauley, Martin, Epelbaum, Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe covid-19 lung disease: the pulmonology perspective from the first United States epicenter, Int J Infect Dis
Magagnoli, Narendran, Pereira, Cummings, Hardin et al., Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States Veterans hospitalized with Covid-19, Med
Mishra, Ghimire, Joshi, Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis, Global Health
Okada, Yoshida, Hara, Ogura, Tomita, Vascular endothelial injury exacerbates coronavirus disease 2019: the role of endothelial glycocalyx protection, Microcirculation
Recovery Collaborative Group, Horby, Lim, Emberson, Mafham et al., Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 -Preliminary Report, N Engl J Med
Wu, Tang, Cheng, Diabetes increases the mortality of patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis, Acta Diabetol
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 12]], 'date-time': '2024-03-12T12:24:33Z', 'timestamp': 1710246273362}, 'reference-count': 24, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-02-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1612137600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 12]], 'date-time': '2020-11-12T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1605139200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100002383', 'name': 'King Saud University', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'clinicalkey.com', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 13]], 'date-time': '2020-11-13T06:17:21Z', 'timestamp': 1605248241000}, 'page': '108538', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 27, 'title': 'Prevalence of diabetes, management and outcomes among Covid-19 adult patients admitted in a ' 'specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '172', 'author': [ {'given': 'Eman', 'family': 'Sheshah', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Shaun', 'family': 'Sabico', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Rashed M.', 'family': 'Albakr', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Anmar A.', 'family': 'Sultan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Khalaf S.', 'family': 'Alghamdi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Khaled', 'family': 'Al Madani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hadil A.', 'family': 'Alotair', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nasser M.', 'family': 'Al-Daghri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0005', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '533', 'DOI': '10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1', 'article-title': 'An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time', 'volume': '20', 'author': 'Dong', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0010', 'unstructured': 'Ministry of Health Protocol for Patients Suspected of/Confirmed with ' 'Covid-19 (version 2.1). ' 'https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/MediaCenter/Publications/Documents/MOH-therapeutic-protocol-for-COVID-19.pdf ' '(Downloaded August 30, 2020.)'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0015', 'unstructured': 'World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Coronavirus ' 'Disease (Covid-19 outbreak). ' 'https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/news/news/2020/4/supporting-older-people-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-is-everyones-business. ' '(Accessed August 30, 2020).'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0020', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '76', 'DOI': '10.1186/1741-7015-9-76', 'article-title': 'Diabetes mellitus type 2 and other chronic non-communicable diseases in ' 'the central region, Saudi Arabia (Riyadh cohort 2): a decade of an ' 'epidemic', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Al-Daghri', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'BMC Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0025', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '33', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12992-019-0468-8', 'article-title': 'Cardio-metabolic disease risk factors among South Asian labour migrants ' 'to the Middle East: a scoping review and policy analysis', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Mishra', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Global Health.'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0030', 'first-page': '30492', 'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: A national ' 'retrospective study', 'volume': 'S1876–0341', 'author': 'Alsofayan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Infect Public Health.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0035', 'unstructured': 'Saudi Press Agency. Free Treatment from Coronavirus for all citizens, ' 'residents and violators of residency. ' 'https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=en&newsid=2052979. ' 'Accessed August 30, 2020.'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'International Diabetes Federation Guideline Development Group. Global ' 'guideline for type 2 diabetes. Diab Res Clin Pract 2014; 104(1):1-52.', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2012.10.001'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0045', 'first-page': '1', 'article-title': 'Diabetes increases the mortality of patients with COVID-19: a ' 'meta-analysis', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Acta Diabetol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0050', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '354', 'DOI': '10.1177/0020764019850589', 'article-title': 'Depression in migrant workers and nationals of Qatar: An exploratory ' 'cross-cultural study', 'volume': '65', 'author': 'Khaled', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Int J Soc Psychiatry'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0055', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1111/eci.13378', 'article-title': 'Features of severe Covid-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis', 'author': 'Del Sole', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Clin Invest'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0060', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108351', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients with ' 'comorbid diabetes mellitus', 'volume': '167', 'author': 'Jing Liang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Diab Res Clin Pract'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0065', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108347', 'article-title': 'Diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review on the current evidences', 'volume': '166', 'author': 'Abdi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Diab Res Clin Pract'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0070', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1818', 'DOI': '10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314558', 'article-title': 'Overcoming barriers: the endothelium as a linchpin of coronavirus ' 'disease 2019', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Gustafson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0075', 'article-title': 'Vascular endothelial injury exacerbates coronavirus disease 2019: the ' 'role of endothelial glycocalyx protection', 'author': 'Okada', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Microcirculation'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0080', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '396', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.099', 'article-title': 'Treatment with hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and combination in ' 'patients hospitalized with COVID-19', 'volume': '97', 'author': 'Arshad', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0085', 'first-page': '30335', 'article-title': 'Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised COVID-19 patients is ' 'associated with reduced mortality: Findings from the observational ' 'multicentre Italian CORIST study', 'volume': 'S0953–6205', 'author': 'Castelnuovo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0090', 'article-title': 'Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Mortality in Hospitalized ' 'Patients with COVID-19: A Nationwide Observational Study of 8075 ' 'Participants', 'volume': '106144', 'author': 'Catteau', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0095', 'article-title': 'Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States Veterans ' 'hospitalized with Covid-19', 'author': 'Magagnoli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med (NY)'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0100', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0237693', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab therapy in COVID-19 patients-An ' 'observational study', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Ip', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'PLoS ONE'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0105', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '120', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.04.016', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality ' 'thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine', 'volume': '123', 'author': 'Alexander', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Epidemiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Hasan SS, Capstick T, Ahmed R, et al. Mortality in COVID-19 patients ' 'with acute respiratory distress syndrome and corticosteroids use: a ' 'systematic review and meta-analysis Expert Rev Respir Med ' '2020;10.1080/17476348.2020.1804365.', 'DOI': '10.1080/17476348.2020.1804365'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0115', 'first-page': '30670', 'article-title': 'Corticosteroids in the treatment of severe covid-19 lung disease: the ' 'pulmonology perspective from the first United States epicenter', 'volume': 'S1201–9712', 'author': 'Macauley', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Infect Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538_b0120', 'unstructured': 'RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, ' 'Bell JL, Linsell L, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with ' 'Covid-19 - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med 2020: [Epub ahead of ' 'print].'}], 'container-title': 'Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0168822720307956?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0168822720307956?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 5, 19]], 'date-time': '2022-05-19T03:52:13Z', 'timestamp': 1652932333000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0168822720307956'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2]]}, 'references-count': 24, 'alternative-id': ['S0168822720307956'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['0168-8227'], 'subject': [ 'Endocrinology', 'General Medicine', 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism', 'Internal Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Prevalence of diabetes, management and outcomes among Covid-19 adult patients ' 'admitted in a specialized tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108538', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}], 'article-number': '108538'}
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit