Facteurs associés à la survenue de la détresse respiratoire aiguë et au décès chez des patients atteints de COVID-19 au Burkina Faso
A R Ouédraogo, G Bougma, A Baguiya, A Sawadogo, P R Kaboré, C J Minougou, A Diendéré, S Maiga, C R Agbaholou, A Hema, A Sondo, G Ouédraogo, A Sanou, M Ouedraogo
Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, doi:10.1016/j.rmr.2021.02.001
MOTS CLÉS COVID 19 ; Détresse respiratoire aiguë ; Décès ; Burkina Faso Résumé Introduction. -L'apparition d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë constitue une des formes graves de la COVID-19. Bien qu'il y ait eu plusieurs études sur les facteurs pronostiques de sa forme sévère, aucune étude de ce type n'a été menée au Burkina Faso. Méthodes. -Il s'agit d'une étude de cohorte rétrospective conduite du 09 mars au 09 juin 2020 à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso et qui a concerné 456 patients atteints de COVID-19. Résultats. -Près d'un quart des patients (23,2 %) avaient présenté une détresse respiratoire aiguë et 44,3 % d'entre eux en sont décédés. Un âge supérieur à 65 ans (HR :2,7 ; IC95 % : 1,5-5,1) et avoir une HTA (HR :1,9 ; IC95 % : 1-3,5) étaient indépendamment associés au risque de mortalité. Cependant, après ajustement, seul l'âge supérieur à 65 ans (HR :2,3 ; IC95 % : 1,2-4,3) était un facteur de risque de décès. Le taux de survie des patients de plus de 65 ans était à 7 jours de 38,5 % et 30,3 % à 15 jours. Conclusion. -La détresse respiratoire aiguë conduisant au décès est essentiellement retrouvée chez des sujets d'âge avancé atteints de la COVID-19. Une surveillance étroite de ces patients à haut risque peut permettre de réduire la létalité.
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