Effect of Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine and Azithromycin on COVID-19 Patients' Recovery and Mortality: Evidence from a Hospital Based Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted in Burkina Faso
Baguiya Adama, Poda Armel, Cissé Kadari, Sondo Apoline K, Ouedraogo Boukary, Ouedraogo Abdoul Risgou, Tiono Alfred B, Kaboré Pierre, Bicaba Brice W, Zoungrana Jacques, Sourabié Adama, Fofana Souleymane, Kaboré Flavien, Sanou Adama, Kouanda Séni
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, doi:10.23937/2474-3658/1510192
Background: Many countries have adopted hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) and azithromycin (AZ) for the treatment of COVID-19 patients at the beginning of the pandemic and are still using them. The objective of this study was to measure the efficacy of CQ or HCQ and combined with AZ on patients' survival and recovery in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
Methods: We conducted a hospital-based retrospective cohort study using routine data from all the hospitals involved in the COVID-19 response in Burkina Faso. All patients treated before March 26, who did not receive the combination constituted the control group and those treated from March 26 to April 23, received CQ or HCQ, combined with AZ and constituted the treatment group. We estimated the mortality and recovery rate, and the treatment effect at day-12 with adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) along with their 95% confidence interval (CI) using Cox's proportional hazard regression models. Results: A total of 150 and 58 patients were included in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The mortality rates at day-12 were 18% in the treatment group versus 31% in the control group and were significantly different (HR = 0.47; 95%CI = [0.25-0.86]). After adjustment, we found no difference between treatment and control groups (aHR = 0.56, 95%CI = [0.27-1.19]). The recovery rates were 64.2% and 60% in the treatment and control group respectively but were not statistically different (HR = 1.08; 95%IC = [0.67-1.74]).
Conclusion: The treatment with CQ or HCQ combined with AZ had no independent effect on in-hospital COVID-19 mortality and recovery rate in Burkina Faso.
Authors Contribution AB, SK, and AKS designed the study; KC performed data processing; KC, AB, AP, and SK performed data analysis and interpreted the results; AB proposed the first draft; all other authors (AB, AP, KC, AKS, BO, ARO, ABT, PK, BWB, JZ, AS, SF, FK, AS, SK) contributed to the interpretation of the results, reviewed the manuscript and approved the final draft.
Conflict of Interest None declared.
Ethical Approval This study conformed to ethical guidelines. The pro-
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