Efficacy and safety of 7-day aerosolized epigallocatechin-3-gallate in oncologic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Zhu et al., BMC Cancer, doi:10.1186/s12885-026-15553-x, NCT06924749, Jan 2026
Improvement, CT 38% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Epigallocatechin Gallate  Zhu et al.  LATE TREATMENT RCT Is late treatment with epigallocatechin gallate beneficial? RCT 114 patients in China (June 2023 - May 2024) Greater improvement with epigallocatechin gallate (p=0.0017) c19early.org Zhu et al., BMC Cancer, January 2026 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
RCT 108 hospitalized oncologic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia showing significant benefit with aerosolized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The EGCG group showed significantly greater CT imaging improvement (64.8% vs 40.5%, P=0.004) and higher improvement rates for fever (OR 3.78, 95% CI 1.38-10.35) and dyspnea (OR 10.29, 95% CI 1.75-60.45).
Targeted administration to the respiratory tract provides treatment directly to the typical source of initial SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, and allows for rapid onset of action, higher local drug concentration, and reduced systemic side effects (early treatment may be more beneficial).
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, China, is average with moderate efficacy for approved treatments1.
risk of no improvement, 37.5% better, RR 0.62, p = 0.002, treatment 30 of 76 (39.5%), control 23 of 38 (60.5%), NNT 4.8, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor treatment, CT, OR converted to RR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Zhu et al., 19 Jan 2026, Randomized Controlled Trial, China, peer-reviewed, mean age 65.5, 8 authors, study period June 2023 - May 2024, trial NCT06924749 (history). Contact: zhx87520052@163.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org January 2026 China United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Peru Philippines Vietnam Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Mongolia Czechia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR China favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org January 2026 China United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Peru Philippines Vietnam Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Mongolia Czechia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria China favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is a small molecule polyphenol derived from Camellia sinensis that exhibits antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via dual mechanisms: blocking viral entry by interfering with the Spike-ACE2 receptor interaction and inhibiting the viral 3CL protease (Mpro). Additionally, EGCG provides anti-inflammatory effects by modulating cytokine production, potentially mitigating the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-19.
Efficacy and safety of 7-day aerosolized epigallocatechin-3-gallate in oncologic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Wanqi Zhu, Li Jia, Qiang Qiao, Xiaolin Li, Xie Peng, Xiangjiao Meng, Lingling Kong, M.D Hanxi Zhao
BMC Cancer, doi:10.1186/s12885-026-15553-x
events observed in the EGCG group. Conclusions: Aerosolized EGCG significantly improved both radiological and clinical outcomes with a favorable safety profile in oncologic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, although broader application requires further validation in larger multi-center trials.
Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Authors' contributions HZ had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. HZ conceived of the present idea. LJ, XL, XP, XM, LK, and HZ contributed to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. HZ and WZ drafted the manuscript. QQ and WZ performed the statistical analysis. HZ obtained funding. Administrative, technical, or material support was provided by LJ, XL, XP, XM, LK, and HZ. HZ supervised the study. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. A R T I C L E I N P R E S S
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Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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