The efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol in patients with coronavirus disease 2019

Wen et al., Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi, doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200227-00147, Aug 2020
Severe case -4% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Time to viral- -21% Lopinavir/r..  Wen et al.  LATE TREATMENT Is late treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir beneficial? Retrospective 117 patients in China (January - February 2020) Slower viral clearance with lopinavir/ritonavir (p=0.0076) c19early.org Wen et al., Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi, Aug 2020 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Retrospective 178 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, China, is average with moderate efficacy for approved treatments1.
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risk of severe case, 3.6% higher, RR 1.04, p = 1.00, treatment 3 of 56 (5.4%), control 3 of 58 (5.2%).
time to viral-, 20.9% higher, relative time 1.21, p = 0.008, treatment mean 10.2 (±3.49) n=59, control mean 8.44 (±3.51) n=58.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Wen et al., 1 Aug 2020, retrospective, China, peer-reviewed, 11 authors, study period 20 January, 2020 - 10 February, 2020.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org December 2025 China United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR China favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.Low-cost treatments improve early treatment, andprovide complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org December 2025 China United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Pakistan Argentina Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria China favored low-cost treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.Low-cost protocols improve early treatment,and add complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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