Combination Therapy For COVID-19 Based on Ivermectin in an Australian Population

Borody et al., TrialSite News, Oct 2021
Early treatmentRetrospective · 600 patients · Australia · Jun – Sep 2021
Zinc for COVID-19
Borody et al. TrialSite News · October 2021
Outcome
Improvement
Relative Risk · 95% CI
Mortality
92%0.08 · 0.01–0.79
Hospitalization
93%0.07 · 0.03–0.18
primary
00.511.52+
← Zinc reduces riskIncreased risk →
Lower mortality and hospitalization
p = 0.031 (mortality) and p < 0.0001 (hospitalization)
Combined treatments may contribute more to the effect seen

Zinc for COVID-19

2nd treatment shown to reduce risk in July 2020, now with p = 0.00000013 from 40 studies, recognized in 23 countries.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective.
Protocols combine treatments.

6,700+ studies · 220+ treatments

c19early.org
Meta-analysis
Retrospective 600 PCR+ outpatients in Australia treated with ivermectin, zinc, and doxycycline, showing significantly lower mortality and hospitalization with treatment. This trial uses a synthetic control group, and the preliminary report provides minimal details.
For discussion of the use of a synthetic control group, see1. Notably, advantages include less-biased recruitment (patients do not opt-out if they feel they need treatment and don't want to risk placebo), trials are cheaper, there is less delay in treatment, and trials can be run where it is not ethical to give patients placebo.
This study is excluded in the after exclusion results of meta-analysis: combined treatments may contribute more to the effect seen.
Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.
Study covers ivermectin and zinc.
risk of death, 92.3% lower, RR 0.08, p = 0.03, treatment 0 of 600 (0.0%), control 6 of 600 (1.0%), NNT 100, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of hospitalization, 92.9% lower, RR 0.07, p < 0.001, treatment 5 of 600 (0.8%), control 70 of 600 (11.7%), NNT 9.2, primary outcome.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Borody et al., 19 Oct 2021, retrospective, Australia, preprint, 2 authors, study period 1 June, 2021 - 30 September, 2021, this trial uses multiple treatments in the treatment arm (combined with ivermectin and doxycycline) - results of individual treatments may vary.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org October 2026 Australia Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines USA Brazil France Italy Canada Pakistan Spain Vietnam Japan Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Mexico South Korea Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Nigeria Taiwan Fiji Zambia Bosnia-Herzegovina Dominican Republic Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Iceland New Zealand Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel Haiti North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia Australia favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was moderate.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org October 2026 Australia Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines USA Brazil France Italy Canada Pakistan Spain Vietnam Japan Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Mexico South Korea Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Taiwan Fiji Zambia Dominican Rep. Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Sri Lanka Iceland Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia Australia favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was moderate.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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