Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, ventilation, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and viral clearance. 19 studies from 18 independent teams in 9 countries show significant benefit.
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 28% [18‑36%] lower risk. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials, higher quality studies, peer-reviewed studies, and after excluding studies using combined treatment.
21 sufficiency studies analyze outcomes based on serum levels, showing 69% [59‑76%] lower risk for patients with higher zinc levels.
Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 21 of 46 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.
8 studies use combined treatments. After exclusion the risk reduction is 26% [16‑35%] compared to 28% [18‑36%].
5 RCTs with 1,040 patients have not reported results (up to 4 years late).
The European Food Safety Authority has found evidence for a causal relationship between the intake of zinc and optimal immune system function1,2. Over-supplementation may be detrimental3. Bioaccessibility of supplements varies widely4.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. The quality of non-prescription supplements varies widely5,6. All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.
6 other meta analyses show significant improvements with zinc for mortality7-11, severity12, and cases12.
6 meta analyses show significant improvements with zinc for mortality
1-5,
severity
6, and
cases
6.
Covid Analysis et al., Jan 2025, preprint, 1 author.
