Association of prescribed medications with the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity among adults in South Korea

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 24]], 'date-time': '2024-03-24T07:32:49Z', 'timestamp': 1711265569489}, 'reference-count': 42, 'publisher': 'Elsevier BV', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 3, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-03-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1614556800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 15]], 'date-time': '2020-12-15T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1607990400000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100006107', 'name': 'Gil Medical Center, Gachon University', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': { 'domain': [ 'ijidonline.com', 'clinicalkey.jp', 'clinicalkey.com', 'clinicalkey.es', 'clinicalkey.fr', 'clinicalkey.com.au', 'elsevier.com', 'sciencedirect.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]}, 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 12, 19]], 'date-time': '2020-12-19T16:58:18Z', 'timestamp': 1608397098000}, 'page': '7-14', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/elsevier_cm_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 12, 'title': 'Association of prescribed medications with the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity among ' 'adults in South Korea', 'prefix': '10.1016', 'volume': '104', 'author': [ {'given': 'Kyungmin', 'family': 'Huh', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-2770', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Wonjun', 'family': 'Ji', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-0258', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Minsun', 'family': 'Kang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9649', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jinwook', 'family': 'Hong', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gi Hwan', 'family': 'Bae', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4507-4877', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Rugyeom', 'family': 'Lee', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0692-6299', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Yewon', 'family': 'Na', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3668', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jaehun', 'family': 'Jung', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '78', 'reference': [ { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0005', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1177/2047487320919233', 'article-title': 'Amiodarone as a possible therapy for coronavirus infection', 'author': 'Aimo', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Eur J Prev Cardiol'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0010', 'series-title': 'HFSA/ACC/AHA Statement Addresses Concerns Re: Using RAAS Antagonists in ' 'COVID-19', 'author': 'American College of Cardiology', 'year': '2020'}, { 'issue': '19', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0015', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1813', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2007764', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 - final report', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Beigel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0020', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '517', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2016638', 'article-title': 'A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis ' 'for covid-19', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Boulware', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0025', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '606', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jinf.2013.09.029', 'article-title': 'Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory ' 'syndrome coronavirus', 'volume': '67', 'author': 'Chan', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'J Infect'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0030', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '373', 'DOI': '10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8', 'article-title': 'A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal ' 'studies: development and validation', 'volume': '40', 'author': 'Charlson', 'year': '1987', 'journal-title': 'J Chronic Dis'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0035', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '9', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.12.011', 'article-title': 'Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the ' 'papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus', 'volume': '115', 'author': 'Cheng', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Antiviral Res'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0040', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '105938', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938', 'article-title': 'New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against ' 'coronavirus: what to expect for COVID- 19?', 'volume': '55', 'author': 'Devaux', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0045', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2605', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461', 'article-title': 'Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II ' 'receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2', 'volume': '111', 'author': 'Ferrario', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Circulation'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0050', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'F1297', 'DOI': '10.1152/ajprenal.00110.2010', 'article-title': 'The ANG-(1-7)/ACE2/mas axis in the regulation of nephron function', 'volume': '298', 'author': 'Ferrario', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Am J Physiol Renal Physiol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0055', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '72', 'DOI': '10.5582/bst.2020.01047', 'article-title': 'Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in ' 'treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies', 'volume': '14', 'author': 'Gao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Biosci Trends'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0060', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949', 'article-title': 'Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results ' 'of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial', 'author': 'Gautret', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Int J Antimicrob Agents'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0065', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '4122', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.02232-10', 'article-title': 'Evidence that TMPRSS2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control ' 'by the humoral immune response', 'volume': '85', 'author': 'Glowacka', 'year': '2011', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0070', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '19840', 'DOI': '10.1038/srep19840', 'article-title': 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibits lung injury induced by ' 'respiratory syncytial virus', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'Gu', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0075', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1023', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00705-004-0461-1', 'article-title': 'Susceptibility of different eukaryotic cell lines to SARS-coronavirus', 'volume': '150', 'author': 'Hattermann', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Arch Virol'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0080', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '271', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a ' 'clinically proven protease inhibitor', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Hoffmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'issue': '21', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0085', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2030', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2022926', 'article-title': 'Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with covid-19', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'Horby', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0090', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '469', 'DOI': '10.1111/joim.13119', 'article-title': 'Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a ' 'large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States', 'volume': '288', 'author': 'Imam', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0095', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1088', 'DOI': '10.1128/AAC.03659-14', 'article-title': 'Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation ' 'for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as ' 'identified by temporal kinome analysis', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Kindrachuk', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'Antimicrob Agents Chemother'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0100', 'series-title': 'COVID-19 Response Guidelines (Edition 8-1)', 'author': 'Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention', 'year': '2020'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0105', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '875', 'DOI': '10.1038/nm1267', 'article-title': 'A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS ' 'coronavirus-induced lung injury', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Kuba', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'Nat Med'}, { 'issue': '6965', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0110', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '450', 'DOI': '10.1038/nature02145', 'article-title': 'Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS ' 'coronavirus', 'volume': '426', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2003', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0115', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'm1185', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmj.m1185', 'article-title': 'Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and covid-19', 'volume': '368', 'author': 'Little', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'BMJ'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0120', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '317', 'DOI': '10.1021/acsinfecdis.5b00030', 'article-title': 'Evaluation of ebola virus inhibitors for drug repurposing', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Madrid', 'year': '2015', 'journal-title': 'ACS Infect Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0125', 'first-page': '114', 'article-title': 'Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans ' 'hospitalized with Covid-19', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'Magagnoli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med (N Y)'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0130', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2431', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2006923', 'article-title': 'Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Mancia', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0135', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '12658', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.01542-10', 'article-title': 'Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome ' 'coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2', 'volume': '84', 'author': 'Matsuyama', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0140', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '384', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.medmal.2020.03.006', 'article-title': 'No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the ' 'combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with ' 'severe COVID-19 infection', 'volume': '50', 'author': 'Molina', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Med Mal Infect'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0145', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3846', 'DOI': '10.1128/JVI.79.6.3846-3850.2005', 'article-title': 'Exogenous ACE2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support ' 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication', 'volume': '79', 'author': 'Mossel', 'year': '2005', 'journal-title': 'J Virol'}, { 'issue': '18', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0150', 'first-page': '1775', 'article-title': 'Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to ' 'COVID-19 in Italy', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Onder', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0155', 'article-title': 'Repurposed antiviral drugs for covid-19 - interim WHO solidarity trial ' 'results', 'author': 'Pan', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '50', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0160', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '14408', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.1618029113', 'article-title': 'Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by ' 'azithromycin', 'volume': '113', 'author': 'Retallack', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0165', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2441', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2008975', 'article-title': 'Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19', 'volume': '382', 'author': 'Reynolds', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '20', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0170', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2052', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.6775', 'article-title': 'Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 ' 'patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Richardson', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '24', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0175', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '2493', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.8630', 'article-title': 'Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with ' 'in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Rosenberg', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '18', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0180', 'first-page': '1824', 'article-title': 'Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a ' 'review', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Sanders', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0185', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1214/09-STS313', 'article-title': 'Matching methods for causal inference: a review and a look forward', 'volume': '25', 'author': 'Stuart', 'year': '2010', 'journal-title': 'Stat Sci'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0190', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '573', 'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010', 'article-title': 'The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in ' 'epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational ' 'studies', 'volume': '147', 'author': 'von Elm', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0195', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '269', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0', 'article-title': 'Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged ' 'novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro', 'volume': '30', 'author': 'Wang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Res'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0200', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1239', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.2648', 'article-title': 'Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease ' '2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases ' 'from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention', 'volume': '323', 'author': 'Wu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0205', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1671', 'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.317134', 'article-title': 'Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme ' 'inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among ' 'patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19', 'volume': '126', 'author': 'Zhang', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Circ Res'}, { 'key': '10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041_bib0210', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '302', 'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2018.00302', 'article-title': 'The immunomodulatory effects of macrolides-a systematic review of the ' 'underlying mechanisms', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'Zimmermann', 'year': '2018', 'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}], 'container-title': 'International Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1201971220325650?httpAccept=text/xml', 'content-type': 'text/xml', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S1201971220325650?httpAccept=text/plain', 'content-type': 'text/plain', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 6, 12]], 'date-time': '2021-06-12T12:51:17Z', 'timestamp': 1623502277000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1201971220325650'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]}, 'references-count': 42, 'alternative-id': ['S1201971220325650'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1201-9712'], 'subject': ['Infectious Diseases', 'Microbiology (medical)', 'General Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'International Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 3]]}, 'assertion': [ {'value': 'Elsevier', 'name': 'publisher', 'label': 'This article is maintained by'}, { 'value': 'Association of prescribed medications with the risk of COVID-19 infection and ' 'severity among adults in South Korea', 'name': 'articletitle', 'label': 'Article Title'}, { 'value': 'International Journal of Infectious Diseases', 'name': 'journaltitle', 'label': 'Journal Title'}, { 'value': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.12.041', 'name': 'articlelink', 'label': 'CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version'}, {'value': 'article', 'name': 'content_type', 'label': 'Content Type'}, { 'value': '© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International ' 'Society for Infectious Diseases.', 'name': 'copyright', 'label': 'Copyright'}]}