Chronic cholecalciferol supplementation and adequate vitamin D status are associated with reduced risk of Long COVID

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8", "ISSN": [ "1720-8386" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8", "alternative-id": [ "2858" ], "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "12 December 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "1 March 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "23 March 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Conflict of interest", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "Andrea Giustina has occasionally consulted for Abiogen. Luigi di Filippo received research grant to Institution from Abiogen and his research activities are partly supported by Glucocorticoid induced Osteoporosis Skeletal (GIOSEG). All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. The Work submitted for publication is original and has not been published in any language or format and has not been submitted elsewhere for print or electronic publication consideration." }, { "group": { "label": "Ethical approval", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "The study-protocol complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the hospital ethics committee (protocol no. CET 178–2023 ABIO/NC/06 ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT06452082)." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "di Filippo", "given": "Luigi", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Terenzi", "given": "Umberto", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bolamperti", "given": "Simona", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bechini", "given": "Camilla", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bossoni", "given": "Simonetta", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Campaniolo", "given": "Marco", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Gifuni", "given": "Licia", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Doga", "given": "Mauro", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-3398", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Giustina", "given": "Andrea", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Journal of Endocrinological Investigation", "container-title-short": "J Endocrinol Invest", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-23T07:59:23Z", "timestamp": 1774252763000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-23T20:02:30Z", "timestamp": 1774296150000 }, "funder": [ { "award": [ "ABIONC06" ], "award-info": [ { "award-number": [ "ABIONC06" ] } ], "name": "ABIOGEN SPA" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-23T20:56:32Z", "timestamp": 1774299392114, "version": "3.50.1" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-23T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1774224000000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-23T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1774224000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1007", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 23 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1210/er.2018-00126", "author": "R Bouillon", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1109", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Endocr Rev", "key": "2858_CR1", "unstructured": "Bouillon R, Marcocci C, Carmeliet G et al (2019) Skeletal and Extraskeletal Actions of Vitamin D: Current Evidence and Outstanding Questions. Endocr Rev 40(4):1109–1151. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2018-00126", "volume": "40", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/endrev/bnae009", "author": "A Giustina", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "625", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Endocr Rev", "key": "2858_CR2", "unstructured": "Giustina A, Bilezikian JP, Adler RA et al (2024) Consensus Statement on Vitamin D Status Assessment and Supplementation: Whys, Whens, and Hows. Endocr Rev 45(5):625–654. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnae009", "volume": "45", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s12020-023-03481-w", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "536", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Endocrine", "key": "2858_CR3", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Frara S, Terenzi U et al (2023) Lack of vitamin D predicts impaired long-term immune response to COVID-19 vaccination. Endocrine 82(3):536–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03481-w", "volume": "82", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41574-021-00516-y", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "445", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "key": "2858_CR4", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Frara S, Giustina A (2021) The emerging osteo-metabolic phenotype of COVID-19: clinical and pathophysiological aspects. Nat Rev Endocrinol 17(8):445–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00516-y", "volume": "17", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgaa738", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e602", "issue": "2", "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "key": "2858_CR5", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Formenti AM, Doga M, Pedone E, Rovere-Querini P, Giustina A (2021) Radiological Thoracic Vertebral Fractures are Highly Prevalent in COVID-19 and Predict Disease Outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(2):e602–e614. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa738", "volume": "106", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgab599", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e348", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "key": "2858_CR6", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Allora A, Doga M et al (2022) Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(1):e348–e360. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab599", "volume": "107", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s12020-023-03331-9", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "669", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Endocrine", "key": "2858_CR7", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Uygur M, Locatelli M, Nannipieri F, Frara S, Giustina A (2023) Low vitamin D levels predict outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with both severe and non-severe disease at hospitalization. Endocrine 80(3):669–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03331-9", "volume": "80", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/bmj.m4938", "author": "M Sivan", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "m4938", "journal-title": "BMJ", "key": "2858_CR8", "unstructured": "Sivan M, Taylor S (2020) NICE guideline on long covid. BMJ 371:m4938 Published 2020 Dec 23. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4938", "volume": "371", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s40618-025-02544-1", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2858_CR9", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Doga M, Mangini F et al (2025) Morphometric vertebral fractures at hospitalization associate with Long COVID occurrence. J Endocrinol Invest Published online Febr 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-025-02544-1" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s11102-024-01442-8", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "955", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Pituitary", "key": "2858_CR10", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Franzese V, Santoro S, Doga M, Giustina A (2024) Long COVID and pituitary dysfunctions: a bidirectional relationship? Pituitary 27(6):955–969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-024-01442-8", "volume": "27", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu14091816", "author": "L Di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1816", "issue": "9", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR11", "unstructured": "Di Filippo L, De Lorenzo R, Giustina A, Rovere-Querini P, Conte C (2022) Vitamin D in Osteosarcopenic Obesity. Nutrients 14(9):1816 Published 2022 Apr 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091816", "volume": "14", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s41927-018-0035-6", "author": "SD Ellis", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "28", "journal-title": "BMC Rheumatol", "key": "2858_CR12", "unstructured": "Ellis SD, Kelly ST, Shurlock JH, Hepburn ALN (2018) The role of vitamin D testing and replacement in fibromyalgia: a systematic literature review. BMC Rheumatol 2:28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-018-0035-6. Published 2018 Oct 5", "volume": "2", "year": "2018" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu12010243", "author": "M Nowaczewska", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "243", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR13", "unstructured": "Nowaczewska M, Wiciński M, Osiński S, Kaźmierczak H (2020) The Role of Vitamin D in Primary Headache-from Potential Mechanism to Treatment. Nutrients 12(1):243. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010243. Published 2020 Jan 17", "volume": "12", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1080/1028415X.2019.1665854", "author": "EY Khairy", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "650", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "Nutr Neurosci", "key": "2858_CR14", "unstructured": "Khairy EY, Attia MM (2021) Protective effects of vitamin D on neurophysiologic alterations in brain aging: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Nutr Neurosci 24(8):650–659. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2019.1665854", "volume": "24", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00051-6", "author": "DA Jolliffe", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "276", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "key": "2858_CR15", "unstructured": "Jolliffe DA, Camargo CA Jr, Sluyter JD et al (2021) Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 9(5):276–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00051-6", "volume": "9", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/pr.2017.71", "author": "J Haugen", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "986", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Pediatr Res", "key": "2858_CR16", "unstructured": "Haugen J, Basnet S, Hardang IM et al (2017) Vitamin D status is associated with treatment failure and duration of illness in Nepalese children with severe pneumonia. Pediatr Res 82(6):986–993. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2017.71", "volume": "82", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgad207", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e1106", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "key": "2858_CR17", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Frara S, Nannipieri F et al (2023) Low Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Long COVID Syndrome in COVID-19 Survivors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 108(10):e1106–e1116. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad207", "volume": "108", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.023", "author": "J Bräunlich", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "246", "journal-title": "Clin Nutr ESPEN", "key": "2858_CR18", "unstructured": "Bräunlich J, Dinse-Lambracht A (2025) Decreased levels of vitamin D in Post-Corona Virus-19 Disease syndrome (PCS) patients compared to a control group. Clin Nutr ESPEN 65:246–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.11.023", "volume": "65", "year": "2025" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fped.2025.1507169", "author": "V Perestiuk", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1507169", "journal-title": "Front Pediatr", "key": "2858_CR19", "unstructured": "Perestiuk V, Kosovska T, Dyvoniak O, Volianska L, Boyarchuk O (2025) Vitamin D status in children with COVID-19: does it affect the development of long COVID and its symptoms? Front Pediatr 13:1507169 Published 2025 Feb 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2025.1507169", "volume": "13", "year": "2025" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu17101692", "author": "Y Matsuda", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1692", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR20", "unstructured": "Matsuda Y, Sakurada Y, Nakano Y et al (2025) Clinical Characteristics of Vitamin D Deficiency Detected in Long COVID Patients During the Omicron Phase. Nutrients 17(10):1692 Published 2025 May 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17101692", "volume": "17", "year": "2025" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.mad.2022.111684", "author": "V Galluzzo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "111684", "journal-title": "Mech Ageing Dev", "key": "2858_CR21", "unstructured": "Galluzzo V, Ciciarello F, Tosato M et al (2022) Association between vitamin D status and physical performance in COVID-19 survivors: results from the Gemelli against COVID-19 post-acute care project. Mech Ageing Dev 205:111684", "volume": "205", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e23", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2858_CR22", "unstructured": "Choi MG, Joo YW, Kim MH, Park S, Shin YY, Chun EM (2024) Prognostic Factors for Predicting Post-COVID-19 Condition in Patients With COVID-19 in an Outpatient Setting. J Korean Med Sci. ;39(2):e23. Published 2024 Jan 15. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e23" }, { "author": "A Caballero-García", "first-page": "1079", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Med (Kaunas)", "key": "2858_CR23", "unstructured": "Caballero-García A, Pérez-Valdecantos D, Guallar P et al (2021) Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle status in old patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. Med (Kaunas) 57(10):1079", "volume": "57", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/ijms26104582", "author": "I Ignacio-Mejía", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "4582", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Int J Mol Sci", "key": "2858_CR24", "unstructured": "Ignacio-Mejía I, Bandala C, González-Zamora JF et al (2025) Association of Vitamin D Supplementation with Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) Activity, Interleukine-6 (IL-6) Levels, and Anxiety and Depression Scores in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition. Int J Mol Sci 26(10):4582 Published 2025 May 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104582", "volume": "26", "year": "2025" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu17020304", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2858_CR25", "unstructured": "Atieh O, Daher J, Durieux JC et al (2025) Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammation: Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. ;17(2):304. Published 2025 Jan 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17020304" }, { "DOI": "10.1111/pcn.13716", "author": "V Charoenporn", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "595", "issue": "10", "journal-title": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "key": "2858_CR26", "unstructured": "Charoenporn V, Tungsukruthai P, Teacharushatakit P et al (2024) Effects of an 8-week high-dose vitamin D supplementation on fatigue and neuropsychiatric manifestations in post-COVID syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 78(10):595–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13716", "volume": "78", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2022.979667", "author": "AL Fernandes", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "979667", "journal-title": "Front Nutr", "key": "2858_CR27", "unstructured": "Fernandes AL, Sales LP, Santos MD, Caparbo VF, Murai IH, Pereira RMR (2022) Persistent or new symptoms 1 year after a single high dose of vitamin D3 in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Front Nutr 9:979667", "volume": "9", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s11154-021-09693-7", "author": "JP Bilezikian", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1201", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Rev Endocr Metab Disord", "key": "2858_CR28", "unstructured": "Bilezikian JP, Formenti AM, Adler RA et al (2021) Vitamin D: dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: does one approach fit all? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 22(4):1201–1218", "volume": "22", "year": "2021" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu14194148", "author": "F Bertoldo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "4148", "issue": "19", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR29", "unstructured": "Bertoldo F, Cianferotti L, Di Monaco M et al (2022) Definition, Assessment, and Management of Vitamin D Inadequacy: Suggestions, Recommendations, and Warnings from the Italian Society for Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Bone Diseases (SIOMMMS). Nutrients 14(19):4148 Published 2022 Oct 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194148", "volume": "14", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/clinem/dgae290", "author": "MB Demay", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1907", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "key": "2858_CR30", "unstructured": "Demay MB, Pittas AG, Bikle DD et al (2024) Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109(8):1907–1947. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgae290", "volume": "109", "year": "2024" }, { "key": "2858_CR31", "unstructured": "https://www.aifa.gov.it/nota-96 [Accessed 13.02.2026]" }, { "key": "2858_CR32", "unstructured": "Overview | COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 | Guidance | NICE. Accessed: Jul. 09, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng188" }, { "DOI": "10.1530/EJE-20-0665", "author": "JP Bilezikian", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "R133", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "Eur J Endocrinol", "key": "2858_CR33", "unstructured": "Bilezikian JP, Bikle D, Hewison M et al (2020) MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19. Eur J Endocrinol 183(5):R133–R147. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-0665", "volume": "183", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu12072097", "author": "N Charoenngam", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2097", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR34", "unstructured": "Charoenngam N, Holick MF (2020) Immunologic Effects of Vitamin D on Human Health and Disease. Nutrients 12(7):2097 Published 2020 Jul 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072097", "volume": "12", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu12030628", "author": "P D’Amelio", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "628", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR35", "unstructured": "D’Amelio P, Quacquarelli L (2020) Hypovitaminosis D and Aging: Is There a Role in Muscle and Brain Health? Nutrients 12(3):628 Published 2020 Feb 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030628", "volume": "12", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/ijms24010087", "author": "D Plantone", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "87", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "Int J Mol Sci", "key": "2858_CR36", "unstructured": "Plantone D, Primiano G, Manco C, Locci S, Servidei S, De Stefano N (2022) Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 24(1):87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010087. Published 2022 Dec 21", "volume": "24", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.003", "author": "MK Shea", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "185", "journal-title": "Adv Food Nutr Res", "key": "2858_CR37", "unstructured": "Shea MK, Xuan AY, Booth SL, Vitamin D (2024) Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia. Adv Food Nutr Res 109:185–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.12.003", "volume": "109", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c197f", "author": "C Balion", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1397", "issue": "13", "journal-title": "Neurology", "key": "2858_CR38", "unstructured": "Balion C, Griffith LE, Strifler L et al (2012) Vitamin D, cognition, and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 79(13):1397–1405. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826c197f", "volume": "79", "year": "2012" }, { "DOI": "10.1186/s12877-016-0405-0", "author": "I Sommer", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "16", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "BMC Geriatr", "key": "2858_CR39", "unstructured": "Sommer I, Griebler U, Kien C et al (2017) Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 17(1):16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0405-0. Published 2017 Jan 13", "volume": "17", "year": "2017" }, { "DOI": "10.1097/MJT.0000000000001302", "author": "Y Du", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e638", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Am J Ther", "key": "2858_CR40", "unstructured": "Du Y, Liang F, Zhang L, Liu J, Dou H (2020) Vitamin D Supplement for Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Ther 28(6):e638–e648 Published 2020 Dec 26. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0000000000001302", "volume": "28", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3233/JAD-200926", "author": "T Yang", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1509", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "J Alzheimers Dis", "key": "2858_CR41", "unstructured": "Yang T, Wang H, Xiong Y et al (2020) Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function Through Reducing Oxidative Stress Regulated by Telomere Length in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 78(4):1509–1518. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-200926", "volume": "78", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu11122861", "author": "F Remelli", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "2861", "issue": "12", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR42", "unstructured": "Remelli F, Vitali A, Zurlo A, Volpato S (2019) Vitamin D Deficiency and Sarcopenia in Older Persons. Nutrients 11(12):2861 Published 2019 Nov 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122861", "volume": "11", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fphys.2021.660498", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2858_CR43", "unstructured": "Latham CM, Brightwell CR, Keeble AR et al (2021) Vitamin D Promotes Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Mitochondrial Health. Front Physiol. ;12:660498. Published 2021 Apr 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.660498" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/jcsm.12545", "author": "A Yang", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "678", "issue": "3", "journal-title": "J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle", "key": "2858_CR44", "unstructured": "Yang A, Lv Q, Chen F et al (2020) The effect of vitamin D on sarcopenia depends on the level of physical activity in older adults. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 11(3):678–689. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12545", "volume": "11", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1210/jc.2014-1742", "author": "C Beaudart", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "4336", "issue": "11", "journal-title": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "key": "2858_CR45", "unstructured": "Beaudart C, Buckinx F, Rabenda V et al (2014) The effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass, and muscle power: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(11):4336–4345. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-1742", "volume": "99", "year": "2014" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s12020-023-03551-z", "author": "L di Filippo", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "342", "issue": "2", "journal-title": "Endocrine", "key": "2858_CR46", "unstructured": "di Filippo L, Ulivieri FM, Nuti R, Giustina A (2024) Use of vitamin D with anti-osteoporotic drugs: are available clinical trials telling us the whole story? Endocrine 83(2):342–348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-023-03551-z", "volume": "83", "year": "2024" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/jbm4.10232", "author": "P Lips", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "e10232", "issue": "1", "journal-title": "JBMR Plus", "key": "2858_CR47", "unstructured": "Lips P, Bilezikian JP, Bouillon R, Vitamin D (2019) Giveth to Those Who Needeth. JBMR Plus 4(1):e10232 Published 2019 Nov 14. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10232", "volume": "4", "year": "2019" }, { "DOI": "10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201301", "author": "JL Waldron", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "620", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "J Clin Pathol", "key": "2858_CR48", "unstructured": "Waldron JL, Ashby HL, Cornes MP et al (2013) Vitamin D: a negative acute phase reactant. J Clin Pathol 66(7):620–622. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201301", "volume": "66", "year": "2013" }, { "DOI": "10.1097/00003246-199207000-00007", "author": "JA Louw", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "934", "issue": "7", "journal-title": "Crit Care Med", "key": "2858_CR49", "unstructured": "Louw JA, Werbeck A, Louw ME, Kotze TJ, Cooper R, Labadarios D (1992) Blood vitamin concentrations during the acute-phase response. Crit Care Med 20(7):934–941. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199207000-00007", "volume": "20", "year": "1992" }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w", "author": "A Subramanian", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1706", "issue": "8", "journal-title": "Nat Med", "key": "2858_CR50", "unstructured": "Subramanian A, Nirantharakumar K, Hughes S et al (2022) Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults. Nat Med 28(8):1706–1714. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01909-w", "volume": "28", "year": "2022" }, { "DOI": "10.3389/fcvm.2023.1062491", "author": "M Xiang", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1062491", "journal-title": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "key": "2858_CR51", "unstructured": "Xiang M, Wu X, Jing H, Novakovic VA, Shi J (2023) The intersection of obesity and (long) COVID-19: Hypoxia, thrombotic inflammation, and vascular endothelial injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 10:1062491 Published 2023 Feb 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2023.1062491", "volume": "10", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s11154-023-09831-3", "author": "A Giustina", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1011", "issue": "6", "journal-title": "Rev Endocr Metab Disord", "key": "2858_CR52", "unstructured": "Giustina A, di Filippo L, Facciorusso A et al (2023) Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after Bariatric Surgery: Recommendations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 24(6):1011–1029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-023-09831-3", "volume": "24", "year": "2023" }, { "DOI": "10.3390/nu14091877", "author": "LD Esposti", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "1877", "issue": "9", "journal-title": "Nutrients", "key": "2858_CR53", "unstructured": "Esposti LD, Perrone V, Sella S et al (2022) The Potential Impact of Inducing a Restriction in Reimbursement Criteria on Vitamin D Supplementation in Osteoporotic Patients with or without Fractures. Nutrients 14(9):1877 Published 2022 Apr 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091877", "volume": "14", "year": "2022" } ], "reference-count": 53, "references-count": 53, "relation": {}, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40618-026-02858-8" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subject": [], "subtitle": [], "title": "Chronic cholecalciferol supplementation and adequate vitamin D status are associated with reduced risk of Long COVID", "type": "journal-article", "update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy" }