Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia

Collins et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48215, NCT04924660

Dec 2024

RCT 400 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxemia showing no significant benefit with fostamatinib compared to placebo. There was no significant difference in the primary outcome of oxygen-free days (mean 13.4 vs. 14.2 days, AOR 0.82) or 28-day mortality (11.3% vs. 8.1%, AOR 1.44). Fostamatinib was associated with a higher incidence of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (11.6% vs. 5.5%, AOR 2.28).

Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of treatment—especially early—due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

risk of death, 44.0% higher, OR 1.44, p = 0.31, treatment 199, control 201, adjusted per study, RR approximated with OR.

WHO scale, 39.0% higher, OR 1.39, p = 0.09, treatment 199, control 201, adjusted per study, RR approximated with OR.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

1. c19early.org, c19early.org/soc/usa.html.c19early.org/soc/usa.html.

Collins et al., 3 Dec 2024, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, peer-reviewed, 298 authors, study period 17 November, 2021 - 27 September, 2023, trial NCT04924660 (history).

This Paper Miscellaneous All

Fostamatinib for Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 and Hypoxemia

MD Sean P Collins, MSc Matthew S Shotwell, PhD Jeffrey R Strich, MD Kevin W Gibbs, MD Marjolein De Wit, D Clark Files, MD Michelle Harkins, MD Kris Hudock, MD Lisa H Merck, MD, MPH Ari Moskowitz, MD, MPH Krystle D Apodaca, DNP Aaron Barksdale, MD Basmah Safdar, MD Ali Javaheri, MD; Jeffrey M Sturek, PhD Harry Schrager, MD Nicole M Iovine, MD, PhD; Brian Tiffany, MD, PhD Ivor Douglas, MD Joseph Levitt, MD Adit A Ginde, MD, MPH David N Hager, PhD Nathan Shapiro, MD Abhijit Duggal, MD Akram Khan, MD Michael Lanspa, MD Peter Chen, MD Nina Gentile, MD Estelle Harris, MD Michelle Gong, MD Subhashini Sellers, MD Andrew J Goodwin, MSCR Mark A Tidswell, MD Michael Filbin, MD Neeraj Desai, MD Felix Gutiérrez, MD Vicente Estrada, MD, PhD Joaquin Burgos, MD Tom Boyles, MD Jose R Paño-Pardo, MD Nazreen Hussen, MD Yves Rosenberg, MD James Troendle, PhD Gordon R Bernard, MD Amanda J Bistran-Hall, BS Kelly Walsh, BSN Jonathan D Casey, MD, MSCI Josh Declercq, Meghan Morrison Joly, MBA Jill Pulley, MD Todd W Rice, PhD Jonathan S Schildcrout, MS Li Wang, MD Matthew W Semler, MD, MPH Wesley H Self, Richard C Becker, Gregory Del Zoppo, Peter Henke, Richard Holubkov, Maryl Johnson, Kim Kerr, Hannah I Lipman, Fedor Lurie, Bertram Pitt, Sara K Vesely, Jerome L Fleg, Dave Aamodt, Debra Clark, Jessica B Collins, Sheri Dixon, Maya Cook, Carly Gatewood, John Graves, Debbie Hunter, Courtney Jordan, Sahar Ko, Ugo (ben) Lekqauwa, Itzel Lopez, David Mckeel, Dirk Orozco, Nelson Prato, Ally Qi, Kalley Stagner, Krista Vermillion, Stephanie Winchell, Taylor Young, Esteban Masuda, Asif Siddiqui, Caroline Brooks, Carl Fletcher, Annie Duffy, Paul Walsh, Jack Moody, Toni Sobande, Amina Ali, Yomi Henry, Frances Ogueri, Alba Sierto, Maria Sanchez Grande, Chiara Spinello, Olufunke Anthony, Michal Sieracki, Michaella Tomlin, Anton Pozniak, Tim Leaver, Polly Parks, Jakea Johnson, Ryan Walsh, Brian Bales, Karen Miller, Donna Torr, Clark Files, MD Kevin W Gibbs, Darija Ward, Leigha Landreth, Lisa Parks, Lori Flores, J Pedro Teixeira, Sandra Cardenas, Juan A Ceniceros, Amy G Cunningham, Susan Kunkel, Debbie M Lovato, Brooklin Zimmerman, Thanh Nguyen, Wesley Zeger, Noah Wiedel, Stephanie Stilinovic, Caroline Foster, Jeanne Flannigan, Carolyn Brokowski, Jing Lu, Muriel Solberg, Dana Lee, MD, PhD; Brian Tiffany, Charlotte Tanner, Annette Taylor, Jennine Zumbahl, Aamer Syed, Jessica Mason, Patrick E H Jackson, Rachael W Coleman, Heather M Haughey, Kartik Cherabuddi, Rebecca Wakeman, Kathryn Fairbank-Haynes, Angela J Rogers, Jennifer G Wilson, Rosemary Vojnik, Cynthia Perez, David Wyles, Terra D Hiller, Judy L Oakes, Ana Z Garcia, Flora Martinez, Jennifer Fickes-Siler, David J Douin, Amiran Baduashvili, Henry Kramer, Lakshmi Chauhan, Amanda Martinez, Jennifer Peers, Kristine Schauer, Lani Finck, Jill Bastman, Ashley Licursi, Sharon Hayes, Nicholas Kurtzman, Elinita Rosseto, Douglas Scaffidi, PhD Nathan Shapiro, Jonathan Pak, Gopal Allada, Genesis Briceno, Jose Peña, Minn Oh, MD Michelle Gong, Amira Mohamed, Luke Andrea, Rahul Nair, William Nkemdirim, Sabah Boujid, Martha Torres, Ofelia Garcia, Harith Ali, Sasha Beselman, Yolanda Eby, Vitaliy Klimov, R Duncan Hite, Hammad Tanzeem, Chris Droege, Jessica Winter, Simon Mucha, Nirosshan Thiruchelvam, Matthew Siuba, Omar Mehkri, Susan Jackman, Antonina Caudill, Emad Bayoumi, Ethan Pascual, Po-En Chen, Sam S Torbati, Tanyalak Parimon, Bradley Rosen, Yuri Matusov, MD Michael J Lanspa, Ithan D Peltan, Samuel M Brown, Jason R Carr, Daniel B Knox, Lindsay M Leither, Brenda Lopez, Benjamin Galen, MD Nina Gentile, Derek Isenberg, Hannah Reimer, Paul Cincola, MD Estelle S Harris, Sean J Callahan, Misty B Yamane, Macy Ag Barrios, MD Neeraj Desai, Amit Bharara, Michael Keller, Prat Majumder, Carrie Dohe, Kathryn Hibbert, Justin Margolin, Blair Parry, MSCR Mark A Tidswell, Jay S Steingrub, Lesley De Souza, Cynthia Kardos, Denise Gallant, Rae Lynn Defoe, Sara Romain, Scott Ouellette, Serena Estrada, Ryan Kindle, Bogdan Tiru, Howard Smithline, Carolyn Garcia, Charles Terry, Melissa Blender, Abbey Grady, Andrew Powell, Peter C Hou, Mohammad A Hasdianda, Seven E Miyawaki, Mikita Umale

JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48215

IMPORTANCE Fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, doubleblinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypoxemia. Data were analyzed between January 10 and March 8, 2024. INTERVENTIONS Fostamatinib, 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, or placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was oxygen-free days, an ordinal outcome classifying a participant's status at day 28 based on mortality and duration of supplemental oxygen use. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) greater than 1.0 was considered to indicate superiority of fostamatinib over placebo. A key secondary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. Safety outcomes included elevated transaminase values, neutropenia, and hypertension. RESULTS Of the 400 participants randomized (median age, 67 years [IQR, 58-76 years]; 210 [52.5%] men), 199 received fostamatinib and 201 received placebo. The mean (SD) number of oxygen-free days was 13.4 (12.4) in the fostamatinib group and 14.2 (12.1) in the placebo group (unadjusted mean difference, -1.26 days [95% CI, -3.52 to 1.00 days]; AOR, 0.82 [95% credible interval (CrI), 0.58-1.17]). Mortality at 28 days occurred in 22 of 195 patients (11.3%) in the fostamatinib group and 16 of 197 (8.1%) in the placebo group (AOR, 1.44; 95% CrI, 0.72-2.90). Aspartate aminotransferase elevation occurred more commonly in the fostamatinib group (23 [11.6%]) than in the placebo group (11 [5.5%]; AOR, 2.28; 95% CrI, 1.07-4.84). Other safety outcomes were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia, fostamatinib did not increase the number of oxygen-free days compared (continued) Key Points Question Does fostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, increase oxygen-free days in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia during the Omicron era? Findings In this randomized clinical trial that included 400 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia, the mean number of oxygen-free days was not significantly different between patients receiving fostamatinib and those receiving placebo. Meaning These findings do not support the hypothesis that fostamatinib increases oxygen-free days among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia during the Omicron era.

Conclusions In this randomized clinical trial of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia, fostamatinib did not increase the number of oxygen-free days compared with placebo. Our results do not suggest that using fostamatinib to alter dysregulated immune responses improved outcomes for a population of participants hospitalized with hypoxemia during the Omicron era. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Collins reported receiving personal fees from Enanta Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Dr Shotwell reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) during the conduct of the study. Dr Gibbs reported receiving grants from the NIH for the ACTIV-4 Host Tissue platform during the conduct of the study and from the US Department of Defense outside the submitted work. Dr de Wit reported receiving grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study. Dr Files reported receiving grants from the NIH during the conduct of the study and personal fees from Novartis for serving on the advisory board outside the submitted work. Dr Harkins reported receiving grants from the University of New Mexico during the conduct of the study. Dr Merck reported receiving grants from the NIH, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Regeneron, Merck, CTSI, and Incyte during the conduct of the study. Dr Safdar reported receiving grants from the Centers for Disease..

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DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48215", "ISSN": [ "2574-3805" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.48215", "abstract": "ImportanceFostamatinib, a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to improve outcomes of COVID-19.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of fostamatinib in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter, phase 3, placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at 41 US sites and 21 international sites between November 17, 2021, and September 27, 2023; the last follow-up visit was December 31, 2023. Participants were adults aged 18 years or older hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and hypoxemia. Data were analyzed between January 10 and March 8, 2024.InterventionsFostamatinib, 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, or placebo.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was oxygen-free days, an ordinal outcome classifying a participant’s status at day 28 based on mortality and duration of supplemental oxygen use. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) greater than 1.0 was considered to indicate superiority of fostamatinib over placebo. A key secondary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality. Safety outcomes included elevated transaminase values, neutropenia, and hypertension.ResultsOf the 400 participants randomized (median age, 67 years [IQR, 58-76 years]; 210 [52.5%] men), 199 received fostamatinib and 201 received placebo. The mean (SD) number of oxygen-free days was 13.4 (12.4) in the fostamatinib group and 14.2 (12.1) in the placebo group (unadjusted mean difference, −1.26 days [95% CI, −3.52 to 1.00 days]; AOR, 0.82 [95% credible interval (CrI), 0.58-1.17]). Mortality at 28 days occurred in 22 of 195 patients (11.3%) in the fostamatinib group and 16 of 197 (8.1%) in the placebo group (AOR, 1.44; 95% CrI, 0.72-2.90). Aspartate aminotransferase elevation occurred more commonly in the fostamatinib group (23 [11.6%]) than in the placebo group (11 [5.5%]; AOR, 2.28; 95% CrI, 1.07-4.84). Other safety outcomes were similar between groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and hypoxemia, fostamatinib did not increase the number of oxygen-free days compared with placebo. These results do not support the hypothesis that fostamatinib improves outcomes among adults hospitalized with hypoxemia during the Omicron era.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04924660", "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee" }, { "name": "Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Nashville, Tennessee" } ], "family": "Collins", "given": "Sean P.", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee" } ], "family": "Shotwell", "given": "Matthew S.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Critical Care Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland" } ], "family": "Strich", "given": "Jeffrey R.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina" } ], "family": "Gibbs", "given": "Kevin W.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond" } ], "family": "de Wit", "given": "Marjolein", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina" } ], "family": "Files", "given": "D. 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Late treatment
is less effective

Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

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