Spironolactone reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 12 studies
, Dec 2025
36th treatment shown to reduce risk in
February 2022, now with p = 0.00046 from 12 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for
210+ treatments. c19early.org
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Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, progression, and recovery. 11 studies from 10 independent teams in 8 countries show significant benefit.
Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 31% [15‑44%] lower risk. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials, higher quality studies, and peer-reviewed studies. Early treatment is more effective than late treatment.
Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 4 of 12 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.
Control Spironolactone
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.
Covid Analysis et al., Dec 2025, preprint, 1 author.