• Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, progression, and recovery. 10 studies from 9 independent teams in 8 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (8 for the most serious outcome).
• Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 36% [17‑51%] improvement. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials, similar after exclusions, and slightly worse for peer-reviewed studies. Early treatment is more effective than late treatment.
• No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% effective and available. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. Multiple treatments are typically used in combination, and other treatments may be more effective. None of the spironolactone studies show zero events with treatment.
• All data to reproduce this paper and sources are in the appendix.
Percentage improvement with spironolactone (more) | Early treatment | Late treatment | All studies | Studies | Patients | Authors |
All studies | 77% [34‑92%]** | 52% [21‑71%]** | 36% [17‑51%]** | 11 | 28,019 | 97 |
Randomized Controlled TrialsRCTs | - | 44% [-14‑73%] | 44% [-14‑73%] | 3 | 324 | 49 |
Mortality | - | 48% [24‑64%]*** | 34% [5‑54%]* | 3 | 25,206 | 20 |
HospitalizationHosp. | - | 52% [-95‑88%] | 52% [-95‑88%] | 2 | 272 | 29 |
Cases | - | - | 51% [-92‑87%] | 2 | 0 | 12 |
Covid Analysis et al., Jun 2023, preprint, 1 author.