• Statistically significant improvements are seen for mortality, hospitalization, and cases. 10 studies from 10 independent teams in 4 different countries show statistically significant improvements in isolation (9 for the most serious outcome).
• Meta analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 31% [22‑40%] improvement. Results are similar for peer-reviewed studies.
• Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 11 of 13 studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy in pooled analysis.
• Studies analyze sleep quality before infection, and use different definitions of sleep quality.
• No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% effective and available. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis.
• All data to reproduce this paper and sources are in the appendix.
Percentage improvement with good sleep quality (more) | All studies | Studies | Patients | Authors |
All studies | 31% [22‑40%]**** | 13 | 354,908 | 122 |
Mortality | 33% [11‑50%]** | 3 | 313,843 | 25 |
HospitalizationHosp. | 33% [21‑43%]**** | 2 | 46,535 | 20 |
Covid Analysis et al., Jun 2023, preprint, 1 author.