Acetaminophen increases COVID-19 risk: real-time meta analysis of 27 studies

Covid Analysis, Dec 2025
2nd treatment shown to increase risk in November 2020, now with p = 0.00000029 from 27 studies, but still recommended in 103 countries.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Meta analysis shows 24% [9‑40%] higher mortality, and pooled analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 28% [17‑41%] higher risk.
Control Acetaminophen
Concerns have been raised over the use of acetaminophen (paracetamol) for COVID-191,2. Studies show significantly increased risk.
Potential mechanisms of harm include glutathione depletion, fever suppression, liver toxicity, immunosuppression, cytokine disruption, prostaglandin inhibition, COX inhibition, cell/tissue injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, glycine depletion, disruption of redox balance, increased oxidative stress, mineral depletion, microbiome alteration, and endocannabinoid system dysfunction.
All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.
Acetaminophen is also known as paracetamol, Tylenol, Panadol, Calpol, Tempra, Calprofen, Doliprane, Efferalgan, Grippostad C, Dolo, Acamol, Fevadol, Crocin, and Perfalgan.
Covid Analysis et al., Dec 2025, preprint, 1 author.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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