Organoid-based evaluation of SA55 and Pemivibart against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants
et al., Emerging Microbes & Infections, doi:10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323, Aug 2026
In vitro study evaluating the neutralization of pemivibart and SA55 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants using human nasal organoids and conventional cell lines. Pemivibart lost ~60–80-fold potency against the current XFG and KP.3.1.1 subvariants, while SA55 neutralized all variants tested with IC50 ≤ 40 ng/mL and cut BA.5.2 and XFG replication by over 3 log units.
Efficacy is variant dependent. In Vitro research shows reduced efficacy against KP.3.1.1, KP.1.1, LB.1, KP.3.3, and XEC variants1-4.
1.
Xie et al., Molecular Basis of High-Blood-Pressure-Enhanced and High-Fever-Temperature-Weakened Receptor-Binding Domain/Peptidase Domain Binding: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, doi:10.3390/ijms26073250.
2.
Wang et al., Activity of Research-Grade Pemivibart against Recent SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Sublineages, New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMc2410203.
3.
Yao et al., Neutralizing Activity and Viral Escape of Pemivibart by SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 sublineages, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2024.11.08.622746.
4.
Planas et al., Escape of SARS-CoV-2 Variants KP.1.1, LB.1, and KP.3.3 From Approved Monoclonal Antibodies, Pathogens and Immunity, doi:10.20411/pai.v10i1.752.
Wan et al., 12 Aug 2026, China, peer-reviewed, 21 authors.
Contact: jiezhou@hku.hk.
In vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Abstract: ta C
Taylor & Francis
+
al C
al C
Latil A
es C
CrossMark
Emerging Microbes & Infections
ISSN: 2222-1751 (Online) Journal homepage: www.tandfonline.com/journals/temi20
Organoid-based evaluation of SA55 and Pemivibart against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants
Zhixin Wan, Ying Zhou, Fanchong Jian, Jiali Wu, Wei Xue , Man Chun Chiu, Yifei Yu, Qiaoshuai Lan, Shuxin Zhang , Zijun Zhao, Xiaoxin Zhu , Jingjing Huang , Yidong Yang, Yuhong Liu, Xinjie Meng, Lin Huang , Xiang Gao, Hin Chu, Cun Li, Yunlong Cao & Jie Zhou
To cite this article: Zhixin Wan, Ying Zhou, Fanchong Jian, Jiali Wu, Wei Xue , Man Chun Chiu, Yifei Yu, Qiaoshuai Lan, Shuxin Zhang , Zijun Zhao, Xiaoxin Zhu , Jingjing Huang , Yidong Yang, Yuhong Liu, Xinjie Meng, Lin Huang , Xiang Gao, Hin Chu, Cun Li, Yunlong Cao & Jie Zhou (2026) Organoid-based evaluation of SA55 and Pemivibart against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants, Emerging Microbes & Infections, 15:1, 2713323, DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323
To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323
© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd
View supplementary material
Published online: 12 Aug 2026.
Submit your article to this journal
Article views: 874
View related articles
View Crossmark data
EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING CORONAVIRUSES
Organoid-based evaluation of SA55 and Pemivibart against evolving SARSCoV-2 variants
```
Zhixin Wan a # , Ying Zhou a,b # , Fanchong Jian c , Jiali Wu a , Wei Xue a , Man Chun Chiu a,b , Yifei Yu a,b , Qiaoshuai Lan a,b , Shuxin Zhang a , Zijun Zhao a , Xiaoxin Zhu a,b , Jingjing Huang a,b , Yidong Yang a , Yuhong Liu a,b , Xinjie Meng a , Lin Huang d , Xiang Gao e , Hin Chu a,b,f,g , Cun Li a , Yunlong Cao c and Jie Zhou a,b,d,f,g
```
a Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; b Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; c Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; d BiomOrgan Ltd, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; e Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China; f State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China; g Pandemic Research Alliance Unit at The University of Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
ABSTRACT
Pemivibart, a class 1/4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), is currently the only FDA-authorized SARS-CoV-2 mAb under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) in clinical use. The emergence of subvariants, including KP.3.1.1 and XFG, raises concerns about antibody efficacy. SA55, a fully human class 1/4 mAb, is currently under clinical trial, including a nasal spray formulation. Using the well-validated organoid-based neutralization assays, we compared the potency and breadth of Pemivibart and SA55. Our results demonstrated a significant ..
DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323",
"ISSN": [
"2222-1751"
],
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323",
"alternative-id": [
"10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323"
],
"article-number": "2713323",
"assertion": [
{
"label": "Peer Review Statement",
"name": "peerreview_statement",
"order": 1,
"value": "The publishing and review policy for this title is described in its Aims & Scope."
},
{
"URL": "http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=temi20",
"label": "Aim & Scope",
"name": "aims_and_scope_url",
"order": 2,
"value": "http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=temi20"
},
{
"group": {
"label": "Publication History",
"name": "publication_history"
},
"label": "Received",
"name": "received",
"order": 0,
"value": "2026-04-21"
},
{
"group": {
"label": "Publication History",
"name": "publication_history"
},
"label": "Revised",
"name": "revised",
"order": 1,
"value": "2026-06-28"
},
{
"group": {
"label": "Publication History",
"name": "publication_history"
},
"label": "Accepted",
"name": "accepted",
"order": 2,
"value": "2026-07-29"
},
{
"group": {
"label": "Publication History",
"name": "publication_history"
},
"label": "Published",
"name": "published",
"order": 3,
"value": "2026-08-12"
}
],
"author": [
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4411-6659",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Wan",
"given": "Zhixin",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-8874",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Zhou",
"given": "Ying",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8703-3507",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Peking University",
"place": [
"Beijing, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Jian",
"given": "Fanchong",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7935-3946",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Wu",
"given": "Jiali",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Xue",
"given": "Wei",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-6396",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Chiu",
"given": "Man Chun",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0236-3213",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Yu",
"given": "Yifei",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5524-3542",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Lan",
"given": "Qiaoshuai",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Shuxin",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6283-2343",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Zhao",
"given": "Zijun",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Zhu",
"given": "Xiaoxin",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Huang",
"given": "Jingjing",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7696-3943",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Yang",
"given": "Yidong",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1469-271X",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Liu",
"given": "Yuhong",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-5729",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Meng",
"given": "Xinjie",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "BiomOrgan Ltd",
"place": [
"Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Huang",
"given": "Lin",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1710-4204",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Beijing Institute of Biotechnology",
"place": [
"Beijing, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Gao",
"given": "Xiang",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2855-9837",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Chu",
"given": "Hin",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3003-0000",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Li",
"given": "Cun",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5918-1078",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Peking University",
"place": [
"Beijing, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": false,
"family": "Cao",
"given": "Yunlong",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "Hong Kong Science and Technology Park",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "BiomOrgan Ltd",
"place": [
"Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
},
{
"name": "The University of Hong Kong",
"place": [
"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China"
]
}
],
"family": "Zhou",
"given": "Jie",
"role": [
{
"role": "author",
"vocabulary": "crossref"
}
],
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": "Emerging Microbes & Infections",
"container-title-short": "Emerging Microbes & Infections",
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": true,
"domain": [
"www.tandfonline.com"
]
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
3
]
],
"date-time": "2026-08-03T14:18:49Z",
"timestamp": 1785766729000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
],
"date-time": "2026-08-12T18:35:35Z",
"timestamp": 1786559735000
},
"funder": [
{
"DOI": "10.13039/501100018537",
"award": [
"2025ZD01904200"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"2025ZD01904200"
]
}
],
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": [
{
"asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": "10.13039/501100018537",
"id-type": "DOI"
}
],
"name": "National Science and Technology Major Project"
},
{
"award": [
"CID-HKU1-3"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"CID-HKU1-3"
]
}
],
"name": "Control of Infectious Diseases"
},
{
"award": [
"COVID1903010-project 11"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"COVID1903010-project 11"
]
}
],
"name": "novel coronavirus disease"
},
{
"award": [
"2021YFC0866100"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"2021YFC0866100"
]
}
],
"name": "National Key R&D Program"
},
{
"DOI": "10.13039/501100008804",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": [
{
"asserted-by": "publisher",
"id": "10.13039/501100008804",
"id-type": "DOI"
}
],
"name": "Ministry of Science and Technology"
},
{
"award": [
"GRF"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"GRF"
]
}
],
"name": "General Research Fund"
},
{
"award": [
"17105420"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"17105420"
]
}
],
"name": "General Research Fund"
},
{
"award": [
"17113724"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"17113724"
]
}
],
"name": "General Research Fund"
},
{
"award": [
"CRF"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"CRF"
]
}
],
"name": "Collaborative Research Fund"
},
{
"award": [
"C7042-21G"
],
"award-info": [
{
"award-number": [
"C7042-21G"
]
}
],
"name": "Collaborative Research Fund"
}
],
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
],
"date-time": "2026-08-12T19:27:52Z",
"timestamp": 1786562872089,
"version": "build-2736575974"
},
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issue": "1",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
]
},
"journal-issue": {
"issue": "1",
"published-print": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
12,
31
]
]
}
},
"language": "en",
"license": [
{
"URL": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"content-version": "vor",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
],
"date-time": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1786492800000
}
},
{
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1080/policies-text-data-mining",
"content-version": "tdm",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
],
"date-time": "2026-08-12T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1786492800000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323",
"content-type": "application/pdf",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full-xml/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323",
"content-type": "application/xml",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "301",
"original-title": [],
"prefix": "10.1080",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
]
},
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
12
]
]
},
"published-print": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
12,
31
]
]
},
"publisher": "Informa UK Limited",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.1001/jama.2024.18589",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_2_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00308-1",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_3_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1056/NEJMc2410203",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_4_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.20411/pai.v10i1.752",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_5_1"
},
{
"article-title": "Neutralization of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants by genetically and structurally related mAbs of the pemivibart lineage",
"author": "Powers C",
"first-page": "2024.11.11.6231",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "e_1_3_4_6_1",
"unstructured": "Powers C, Williams B, Kreher A, et al. Neutralization of recent SARS-CoV-2 variants by genetically and structurally related mAbs of the pemivibart lineage. bioRxiv. 2024:2024.11.11.623127.",
"year": "2024"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111845",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_7_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.018",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_8_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/pharmaceutics17010043",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_9_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41421-022-00422-1",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_10_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2300376120",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_11_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2509616122",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_12_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/cid/ciaf265",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_13_1"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1111/cts.70421",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_14_1"
},
{
"article-title": "Antibody transcytosis and neutralizing activity in respiratory epithelial cells",
"author": "Anaya EU",
"first-page": "2026.05.25.7276",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "e_1_3_4_15_1",
"unstructured": "Anaya EU, Vue Y, Li M, et al. Antibody transcytosis and neutralizing activity in respiratory epithelial cells. bioRxiv. 2026:2026.05.25.727697.",
"year": "2026"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41586-020-2575-3",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"key": "e_1_3_4_16_1"
}
],
"reference-count": 15,
"references-count": 15,
"relation": {},
"resource": {
"primary": {
"URL": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/22221751.2026.2713323"
}
},
"score": 1,
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [],
"subtitle": [],
"title": "Organoid-based evaluation of SA55 and Pemivibart against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants",
"type": "journal-article",
"update-policy": "https://doi.org/10.1080/tandf_crossmark_01",
"volume": "15"
}