Supplementary Data — Phthalocyanine reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 4 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 3V3 (V1 2023)

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c19early.org

October 2026

Phthalocyanine COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Poleti (DB RCT)29%0.71 · 0.53–0.96no recov.29/5952/75 Poleti (DB RCT)22%0.78 · 0.63–0.97no recov.38/5962/75 Poleti (DB RCT)46%0.54 · 0.30–0.98no recov.12/5928/75 Poleti (DB RCT)32%0.68 · 0.42–1.09no recov.17/5932/75 da Silva.. (DB RCT)85%0.15 · 0.01–2.66death0/203/21 da Silva.. (DB RCT)92%0.08 · 0.00–1.31ICU0/206/21 da Silva.. (DB RCT)54%0.46 · 0.23–0.93hosp.20 (n)21 (n) Colado .. (DB RCT)51%0.49 · 0.29–0.83viral load15 (n)15 (n) Colado .. (DB RCT)38%0.62 · 0.36–1.06viral load16 (n)15 (n) Colado .. (DB RCT)72%0.28 · 0.08–1.04viral load15 (n)15 (n) Colado .. (DB RCT)68%0.32 · 0.09–1.17viral load16 (n)15 (n) Brito-Reia54%0.46 · 0.20–1.08cases6/1,15344/3,887

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← Phthalocyanine
reduces riskPhthalocyanine
increases risk →

Fig. S1. All outcomes.

Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.