Antiviral activity of postbiotics from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against SARS-CoV-2: In-vitro and food model evaluation

Soleimani et al., Enzyme and Microbial Technology, doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2026.110899, May 2026
Probiotics for COVID-19
19th treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2021, now with p = 0.00000044 from 29 studies.
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In vitro study showing benefit with postbiotics derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 against SARS-CoV-2. Authors report that these non-viable microbial metabolites, including supernatant and ultrasonicated bacterial lysates, safely reduce ancestral Wuhan strain SARS-CoV-2 viral titers by 2-3 log10 in Vero E6 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, authors demonstrate that incorporating these postbiotics into a functional food model - specifically a yogurt matrix enriched at 1500 μg/ml - successfully achieves a 1.87-2.48 log10 reduction in viral infection in vitro. Authors suggest this presents a promising, safe, and stable complementary antiviral strategy for COVID-19 utilizing microbiome-derived functional food ingredients.
Probiotic efficacy depends on the specific strains used. Specific microbes may decrease or increase COVID-19 risk1.
2 preclinical studies support the efficacy of probiotics for COVID-19:
Soleimani et al., 7 May 2026, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
In vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
Abstract: [Enzyme and Microbial Technology](https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/enzyme-and-microbial-technology) Volume 199, August 2026, 110899 Antiviral activity of postbiotics from Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against SARS-CoV-2: In-vitro and food model evaluation Roya Abedi Soleimani , Asghar Abdoli , Payam Gonbari Milani , Nader khani , Aziz Homayouni-Rad a 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 a 5 Show more Share Cite [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2026.110899](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2026.110899) Highlights - Postbiotics from L. rhamnosus GG and B. animalis BB-12 were extracted. - Postbiotics were safe for Vero E6 cells with no cytotoxic effects. - In vitro assays showed 2-3 log ₁₀ reduction of SARS-CoV-2 viral titers. - Postbiotic-enriched yogurt effectively inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. - Findings support postbiotics as functional food-based antiviral strategies. Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has presented ongoing global health, economic, and societal challenges. In addition to respiratory complications, increasing evidence suggests that disruptions to the gut microbiota may influence disease susceptibility and severity, highlighting the importance of microbiome-based interventions in supporting host immunity. While probiotics have been widely explored for their immunomodulatory and antiviral effects, limitations regarding their stability and safety under certain conditions remain a concern. Postbiotics, defined as non-viable microbial metabolites, secreted factors, and ultrasonicated bacterial lysate components, represent a promising alternative due to their enhanced safety profile, stability, and emerging antiviral properties. This study investigated the antiviral efficacy of postbiotics derived from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 against SARS-CoV-2 using Vero E6 cells cultures. Furthermore, a novel food-based antiviral model was developed by incorporating postbiotic supernatants and ultrasonicated bacterial lysate at a concentration of 1500 µ g/mL into a yogurt matrix. The postbiotic-enriched yogurt achieved a 1.87-2.48 log ₁₀ reduction in viral titer against the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro . These findings support the potential of postbiotics as functional food ingredients for viral risk reduction and contribute to the advancement of microbiome-derived antiviral strategies.
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