Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Monoclonals
Mpro inhibitors
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Quercetin
RdRp inhibitors
TMPRSS2 inh.
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
 
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchTocilizumabTocilizumab (more..)
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta
Thermotherapy Meta
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta

 

Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia

Salama et al., New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2030340, EMPACTA, NCT04372186, Jan 2021
https://c19early.org/salama2.html
Mortality -22% Improvement Relative Risk Death/intubation 44% Tocilizumab  EMPACTA  LATE TREATMENT  DB RCT Is late treatment with tocilizumab beneficial for COVID-19? Double-blind RCT 377 patients in multiple countries Lower death/intubation with tocilizumab (p=0.035) c19early.org Salama et al., New England J. Medicine, Jan 2021 Favorstocilizumab Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
RCT 377 hospitalized COVID-19 patients with pneumonia showing that tocilizumab significantly reduced mechanical ventilation or death by day 28, however there was no difference in mortality alone.
risk of death, 21.5% higher, RR 1.22, p = 0.72, treatment 26 of 249 (10.4%), control 11 of 128 (8.6%), day 28.
risk of death/intubation, 44.0% lower, HR 0.56, p = 0.03, treatment 249, control 128, day 28.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Salama et al., 7 Jan 2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, multiple countries, peer-reviewed, mean age 55.9, 20 authors, trial NCT04372186 (history) (EMPACTA). Contact: mohan.shalini@gene.com.
Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia
M.D Carlos Salama, Ph.D Jian Han, Ph.D Linda Yau, Pharm.D William G Reiss, M.D Benjamin Kramer, M.D Jeffrey D Neidhart, M.D Gerard J Criner, M.D Emma Kaplan-Lewis, M.D Rachel Baden, M.D Lavannya Pandit, M.D Miriam L Cameron, M.D Julia Garcia-Diaz, M.D Victoria Chávez, M.D Martha Mekebeb-Reuter, M.D Ferdinando Lima De Menezes, F.R.C.P Reena Shah, M.D Maria F González-Lara, M.S Beverly Assman, M.D Jamie Freedman, Ph.D Shalini V Mohan
New England Journal of Medicine, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2030340
interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients from these populations who are hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia are unclear.
References
Aziz, Fatima, Assaly, Elevated interleukin-6 and severe COVID-19: a metaanalysis, J Med Virol
Chastain, Osae, Henao-Martínez, Franco-Paredes, Chastain et al., Racial disproportionality in Covid clinical trials, N Engl J Med
Chen, Zhou, Dong, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Lancet
Chowkwanyun, Reed, Racial health disparities and Covid-19 -caution and context, N Engl J Med
Eg, Burton, Fort, Seoane, Hospitalization and mortality among Black patients and White patients with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Egede, Walker, Structural racism, social risk factors, and Covid-19a dangerous convergence for Black Americans, N Engl J Med
El-Sadr, Justman, Africa in the path of Covid-19, N Engl J Med
Evans, Covid's color line -infectious disease, inequity, and racial justice, N Engl J Med
Fan, Beitler, Brochard, COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: is a different approach to management warranted?, Lancet Respir Med
Golestaneh, Neugarten, Fisher, The association of race and COVID-19 mortality, EClinicalMedicine
Gupta, Hayek, Wang, Factors associated with death in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the US, JAMA Intern Med
Gupta, Wang, Hayek, Association between early treatment with tocilizumab and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19, JAMA Intern Med
Hermine, Mariette, Tharaux, Effect of tocilizumab vs usual care in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and moderate or severe pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Intern Med
Herold, Jurinovic, Arnreich, Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19, J Allergy Clin Immunol
Karaca-Mandic, Georgiou, Sen, Assessment of COVID-19 hospitalizations by race/ethnicity in 12 states, JAMA Intern Med
Karagiannidis, Mostert, Hentschker, Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10 021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study, Lancet Respir Med
Mehta, Mcauley, Brown, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, Lancet
Morrison, Johnson, Griebe, Clinical characteristics and predictors of survival in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 receiving tocilizumab, J Autoimmun
Netea, Rovina, Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure, Cell Host Microbe
Pan, Sze, Minhas, The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: a systematic review, EClinical-Medicine
Phelan, Katz, Lo, The novel coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China: challenges for global health governance, JAMA
Richardson, Hirsch, Narasimhan, Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area, JAMA
Rosas, Bräu, Waters, Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, doi:10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442v2
Ruan, Yang, Wang, Jiang, Song, Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China, Intensive Care Med
Salvarani, Dolci, Massari, Effect of tocilizumab vs standard care on clinical worsening in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Intern Med
Stone, Frigault, Nj, Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with Covid-19, N Engl J Med
The, Group, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2021436
Truog, Mitchell, Daley, The toughest triage -allocating ventilators in a pandemic, N Engl J Med
Williamson, Walker, Bhaskaran, Factors associated with COVID-19related death using OpenSAFELY, Nature
Wu, Mcgoogan, Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, JAMA
Xu, Han, Li, Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Zhu, Pang, Ji, Elevated interleukin-6 is associated with severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis, J Med Virol
DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1056/nejmoa2030340", "ISSN": [ "0028-4793", "1533-4406" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2030340", "alternative-id": [ "10.1056/NEJMoa2030340" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Salama", "given": "Carlos", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Han", "given": "Jian", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Yau", "given": "Linda", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Reiss", "given": "William G.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Kramer", "given": "Benjamin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Neidhart", "given": "Jeffrey D.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Criner", "given": "Gerard J.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Kaplan-Lewis", "given": "Emma", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Baden", "given": "Rachel", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Pandit", "given": "Lavannya", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Cameron", "given": "Miriam L.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Garcia-Diaz", "given": "Julia", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Chávez", "given": "Victoria", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Mekebeb-Reuter", "given": "Martha", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Lima de Menezes", "given": "Ferdinando", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Shah", "given": "Reena", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "González-Lara", "given": "Maria F.", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Assman", "given": "Beverly", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Freedman", "given": "Jamie", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "From Elmhurst Hospital Center–Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital (C.S.), and Elmhurst Hospital Center–New York City Health and Hospitals (E.K.-L.) — both in New York; Genentech, South San Francisco (J.H., L.Y., W.G.R., B.K., B.A., J.F., S.V.M.), and Highland Hospital, Oakland (R.B.) — both in California; San Juan Oncology Associates, Farmington, NM (J.D.N); Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia (G.J.C.); Michael E. DeBakey Houston VA Medical Center, Houston ..." } ], "family": "Mohan", "given": "Shalini V.", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "New England Journal of Medicine", "container-title-short": "N Engl J Med", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2020, 12, 17 ] ], "date-time": "2020-12-17T22:00:26Z", "timestamp": 1608242426000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 3, 27 ] ], "date-time": "2024-03-27T00:34:42Z", "timestamp": 1711499682000 }, "funder": [ { "DOI": "10.13039/100004328", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/100004328", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "Genentech" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2025, 6, 4 ] ], "date-time": "2025-06-04T19:31:55Z", "timestamp": 1749065515516, "version": "3.37.3" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 1038, "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 7 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 7 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "http://www.nejmgroup.org/legal/terms-of-use.htm", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 7 ] ], "date-time": "2021-01-07T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1609977600000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2030340", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "150", "original-title": [], "page": "20-30", "prefix": "10.1056", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 7 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 1, 7 ] ] }, "publisher": "Massachusetts Medical Society", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.1097", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_2_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_3_2", "unstructured": "World Health Organization. COVID-19 Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) global research and innovation forum. 2020 (https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/covid-19-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-(pheic)-global-research-and-innovation-forum)." }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.2648", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_4_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_5_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3596", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_6_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s00134-020-05991-x", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_7_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jama.2020.6775", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_8_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30316-7", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_9_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30304-0", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_10_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2021436", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_11_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100404", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_12_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_13_2", "unstructured": "Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cases data and surveillance — COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity November 30 2020. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html)." }, { "DOI": "10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_14_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2023616", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_15_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3857", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_16_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2019445", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_17_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMsa2011686", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_18_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2012910", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_19_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100455", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_20_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2021971", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_21_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_22_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.009", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_23_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1002/jmv.25948", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_24_2" }, { "article-title": "Elevated interleukin-6 is associated with severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis.", "author": "Zhu J", "journal-title": "J Med Virol", "key": "e_1_3_5_25_2", "unstructured": "Zhu J, Pang J, Ji P, et al. Elevated interleukin-6 is associated with severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis. J Med Virol 2020 May 29 (Epub ahead of print).32470146", "year": "2020" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.008", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_26_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_27_2", "unstructured": "Actemra prescribing information. South San Francisco CA: Genentech 2019 (package insert)." }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_28_2", "unstructured": "RoActemra summary of product characteristics. Grenzach-Wyhlen Germany: Roche 2020." }, { "DOI": "10.1073/pnas.2005615117", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_29_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102512", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_30_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6252", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_31_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_32_2", "unstructured": "Rosas I Bräu N Waters M et al. Tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. September 12 2020 (https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.27.20183442v2). preprint." }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6615", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_33_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6820", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_34_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2028836", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_35_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_36_2", "unstructured": "Department of Health and Human Services. Social determinants of health. 2020 (https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health)." }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2005689", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_37_2" }, { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMp2008193", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "e_1_3_5_38_2" }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_39_2", "unstructured": "Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. COVID-19 frequently asked questions (FAQs) on Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) billing. 2019 (https://www.cms.gov/files/document/03092020-covid-19-faqs-508.pdf)." }, { "key": "e_1_3_5_40_2", "unstructured": "National Institutes of Health. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines. 2020 (https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/)." } ], "reference-count": 39, "references-count": 39, "relation": { "has-preprint": [ { "asserted-by": "object", "id": "10.1101/2020.10.21.20210203", "id-type": "doi" } ] }, "resource": { "primary": { "URL": "http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2030340" } }, "score": 1, "short-title": [], "source": "Crossref", "subject": [], "subtitle": [], "title": "Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia", "type": "journal-article", "volume": "384" }
Late treatment
is less effective
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit