Quinine use for the Russian influenza pandemic in 1889-1890

Le Grelot, Jan 1890
HCQ for COVID-19
1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 424 studies, used in 59 countries.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org
Meta Analysis
Quinine and antipyrine, a bitherapy for minimizing death during the Russian influenza pandemic of 1889-1890 (around 40,000 deaths in France at the beginning of 1890).
Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.
Le Grelot et al., 1 Jan 1890, preprint, 1 author.
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 200,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. IMA and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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