Nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers for COVID-19 susceptibility: a focus on vitamin D, potassium, and hematological indices
et al., BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12297-0, Dec 2025
Vitamin D for COVID-19
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Case-control study of 394 participants (234 COVID-19 patients and 160 controls) showing lower vitamin D and potassium levels associated with increased COVID-19 infection risk. Each unit increase in vitamin D reduced COVID-19 risk by 3%. Authors hypothesize that vitamin D provides protection through immune modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and enhancement of antimicrobial peptides.
Khajebishak et al., 23 Dec 2025, Iran, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
Contact: llllpayahoo44@gmail.com.
Nutritional and inflammatory biomarkers for COVID-19 susceptibility: a focus on vitamin D, potassium, and hematological indices
BMC Infectious Diseases, doi:10.1186/s12879-025-12297-0
Introduction: Since its emergence, COVID-19 has caused a global health crisis with multi-systemic complications, particularly affecting the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Identifying potential risk factors is important for early detection of disease and may improve patients survival. This study was carried out to evaluate inflammatory, hematological and nutritional indicators to determine the risk of COVID-19 infection.
A R T I C L E I N P R E S S
Conclusion: In this case-control study, we identified several inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers independently associated with COVID-19 infection. Elevated CRP and NLR may increase infection risk, while higher vitamin D, potassium, creatinine, and LCR demonstrated protective effects.
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