Let fever do its job
Sylwia Wrotek, Edmund K Legrand, Artur Dzialuk, Joe Alcock
Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, doi:10.1093/emph/eoaa044
Although fever is one of the main presenting symptoms of COVID-19 infection, little public attention has been given to fever as an evolved defense. Fever, the regulated increase in the body temperature, is part of the evolved systemic reaction to infection known as the acute phase response. The heat of fever augments the performance of immune cells, induces stress on pathogens and infected cells directly, and combines with other stressors to provide a nonspecific immune defense. Observational trials in humans suggest a survival benefit from fever, and randomized trials published before COVID-19 do not support fever reduction in patients with infection. Like public health measures that seem burdensome and excessive, fevers involve costly trade-offs but they can prevent infection from getting out of control. For infections with novel SARS-CoV-2, the precautionary principle applies: unless evidence suggests otherwise, we advise that fever should be allowed to run its course.
References
Arabi, Blaser, Preiser, Less is more in nutrition: critically ill patients are starving but not hungry, Intensive Care Med
Bancos, Bernard, Topham, Ibuprofen and other widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit antibody production in human cells, Cell Immunol
Baudouin, Saunders, Tiangyou, Mitochondrial DNA and survival after sepsis: a prospective study, Lancet
Berlim, Abeche, Evolutionary approach to medicine, South Med J
Bernard, Wheeler, Russell, The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group, N Engl J Med
Bertille, Purssell, Corrard, Fever phobia 35 years later: did we fail?, Acta Paediatr
Blatteis, Fever: pathological or physiological, injurious or beneficial?, J Therm Biol
Brandts, Ndjave, Graninger, Effect of paracetamol on parasite clearance time in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, Lancet
Broggi, Ghosh, Sposito, Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition, Science
Casscells, Hathorn, David, Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis, Lancet
Chre ´tien, Be ´nit, Ha, Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50 C, Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol
Clericetti, Milani, Bianchetti, Systematic review finds that fever phobia is a worldwide issue among caregivers and healthcare providers, Acta Paediatr
Clint, Fessler, Insurmountable heat: the evolution and persistence of defensive hyperthermia, Q Rev Biol
Corrard, Copin, Wollner, Sickness behavior in feverish children is independent of the severity of fever. An observational, multicenter study, PLoS One
Cunha, Fever myths and misconceptions: the beneficial effects of fever as a critical component of host defenses against infection, Heart Lung
Cunha, Perazzio, Azzi, Remodeling of the immune response with aging: immunosenescence and its potential impact on COVID-19 immune response, Front Immunol
Dantzer, Neuroimmune interactions: from the brain to the immune system and vice versa, Physiol Rev
Datta, Liu, Fischer, SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and research gaps: understanding SARS-CoV-2 interaction with the ACE2 receptor and implications for therapy, Theranostics
Determann, Royakkers, Wolthuis, Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive randomized controlled trial, Crit Care
Dewey, Hopwood, Sapareto, Cellular responses to combinations of hyperthermia and radiation, Radiology
Doede ´e, Boland, Pennings, Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic paracetamol treatment during vaccination on hepatitis B antibody levels in adults: two open-label, randomized controlled trials, PLoS One
Doran, Angelis, Baumgardner, Acetaminophen: more harm than good for chickenpox?, J Pediatr
Earn, Andrews, Bolker, Population-level effects of suppressing fever, Proc R Soc B
Eftimiadi, Rialdi, Increased energy expenditure by granulocytes during phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus compared with other staphylococci, J Infect Dis
Evans, Repasky, Fisher, Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat, Nat Rev Immunol
Fang, Karakiulakis, Roth, Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?, Lancet Respir Med
Fonseca, Rodrigues, Cezar, Spontaneous hypothermia in human sepsis is a transient, self-limiting, and nonterminal response, J Appl Physiol
Freitas, Santos, Castro, Healing with malaria: a brief historical review of malariotherapy for neurosyphilis, mental disorders and other infectious diseases, Rev Soc Bras Med Trop
Gabay, Kushner, Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation, N Engl J Med
Gerweck, Nygaard, Burlett, Response of cells to hyperthermia under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions, Cancer Res
Goldstein, The precautionary principle also applies to public health actions, Am J Public Health
Gonza ´lez Plaza, Hulak, Zhumadilov, Fever as an important resource for infectious diseases research, Intractable Rare Dis Res
Graham, Burrell, Douglas, Adverse effects of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen on immune function, viral shedding, and clinical status in rhinovirus-infected volunteers, J Infect Dis
Gray, Marais, Maloney, A review of the physiology of fever in birds, J Comp Physiol B Biochem Syst Environ Physiol
Group, Horby, Lim, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 -preliminary report, Curr Opin Immunol
Hadjadj, Yatim, Barnabei, Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients, Science
Han, Yang, The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19): A Chinese perspective, J Med Virol
Harden, Kent, Pittman, Fever and sickness behavior: friend or foe?, Brain Behav Immun
Hart, Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals, Neurosci Biobehav Rev
Hasday, Thompson, Singh, Fever, immunity, and molecular adaptations, Compr Physiol
Henriksen, Havshøj, Pedersen, Hospitalized acute patients with fever and severe infection have lower mortality than patients with hypo-or normothermia: a follow-up study, QJM-Mon J Assoc Phys
Hildebrandt, Wust, Ahlers, The cellular and molecular basis of hyperthermia, Crit Rev Oncol Hematol
Itenov, Johansen, Bestle, Induced hypothermia in patients with septic shock and respiratory failure (CASS): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial, Lancet Respir Med
Kluger, Kozak, Conn, The adaptive value of fever, Infect Dis Clin North Am
Kluger, Rothenburg, Fever and reduced iron: their interaction as a host defense response to bacterial infection, Science
Knoebel, Narang, Ey, Fever: to treat or not to treat, Clin Pediatr (Phila)
Kox, Pickkers, Less is more" in critically ill patients: not too intensive, JAMA Intern Med
Lane, Dunn, Gardner, The efficacy of the interferon alpha/beta response versus arboviruses is temperature dependent, mBio
Legrand, Alcock, Turning up the heat: immune brinksmanship in the acute-phase response, Q Rev Biol
Legrand, Day, Self-harm to preferentially harm the pathogens within: non-specific stressors in innate immunity, Proc R Soc B
Li-Kim-Moy, Wood, Jones, Impact of fever and antipyretic use on influenza vaccine immune reponses in children, Pediatr Infect Dis J
Ljunggren, Monti, Rialdi, A comparison of the calorimetric analysis of granulocyte activation by flow and batch systems, Thermochimica Acta
Mackowiak, Marling-Cason, Cohen, Effects of temperature on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria, J Infect Dis
Madjid, Willerson, Casscells, Intracoronary thermography for detection of high-risk vulnerable plaques, J Am Coll Cardiol
Major, Crotta, Llorian, Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection, Science
Manthous, Hall, Olson, Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill patients, Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Mercer, The glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Third edition. Revised by the commission for thermal physiology of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS thermal commission), Jpn J Physiol
Micallef, Soeiro, ´ra, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 infection, Therapie
Michaud, Deodhar, Arwood, ACE2 as a therapeutic target for COVID-19; its role in infectious processes and regulation by modulators of the RAAS system, J Clin Med
Mourvillier, Tubach, Van De Beek, Induced hypothermia in severe bacterial meningitis: a randomized clinical trial, JAMA
Nesse, The smoke detector principle. Natural selection and the regulation of defensive responses, Ann N Y Acad Sci
Nogueira-Machado, Mares-Guia, Lima E Silva, Calorimetry: a highly sensitive technique for evaluating the effect of IL-2, IFN-c and IL-10 on the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Thermochimica Acta
Offringa, Newton, Cozijnsen, Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children, Cochrane Database Syst Rev
Prymula, Esposito, Zuccotti, A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (I), Hum Vaccin Immunother
Prymula, Siegrist, Chlibek, Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children: two open-label, randomised controlled trials, Lancet
Purssell, Symptoms in the host: infection and treatment model, J Clin Nurs
Robert, Casadevall, Vertebrate endothermy restricts most fungi as potential pathogens, J Infect Dis
Rowan, Angus, Bailey, Investigators, Early, goaldirected therapy for septic shock -A patient-level meta-analysis, N Engl J Med
Ryan, Pollack, Murant, Activated human B lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuate antibody production, J Immunol
Schmitt, Offit, Could fever improve COVID-19 outcomes?, Contemp Pediatrics
Schrock, Snodgrass, Sugiyama, Lassitude: the emotion of being sick, Evol Hum Behav
Shakhar, Shakhar, Why do we feel sick when infected-can altruism play a role?, PLoS Biol
Shakhar, The Inclusive Behavioral immune system, Front Psychol
Shephard, Bharwani, Durisko, Reverse engineering the febrile system, Q Rev Biol
Shi, Wang, Shao, COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses, Cell Death Differ
Sil, Ravi, Patnaik, Effect of prophylactic or therapeutic administration of paracetamol on immune response to DTwP-HepB-Hib combination vaccine in Indian infants, Vaccine
Srivastava, Roles of heat-shock proteins in innate and adaptive immunity, Nat Rev Immunol
Stankov, Definition of inflammation, causes of inflammation and possible anti-inflammatory strategies, Open Inflamm J
Steiner, Should We Let Fever Run Its Course in the Early Stages of COVID-19?
Straub, Cutolo, Buttgereit, Energy regulation and neuroendocrine-immune control in chronic inflammatory diseases, J Intern Med
Stub, Smith, Bernard, Air versus oxygen in ST-segmentelevation myocardial infarction, Circulation
Sunde ´n-Cullberg, Rylance, Svefors, Fever in the emergency department predicts survival of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to the ICU, Crit Care Med
Tan, Huang, Qu, Determination of the respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by microcalorimetry, J Biochem Biophys Methods
Van De Parre, Martinet, Verheye, Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 mediates temperature heterogeneity in atherosclerotic plaques, Cardiovasc Res
Verity, Do seizures damage the brain? The epidemiological evidence, Arch Dis Child
Vernon, William, Coley, and the phenomenon of spontaneous regression, Immunotargets Ther
Vincent, Singer, Marini, Thirty years of critical care medicine, Crit Care
Vogel, Malaria as lifesaving therapy, Science
Voiriot, Philippot, Elabbadi, Risks related to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in community-acquired pneumonia in adult and pediatric patients, J Clin Med
Walter, Hornik, Grohskopf, The effect of antipyretics on immune response and fever following receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine in young children, Vaccine
Wang, Zhang, Wu, Clinical characteristics of adult fevered COVID-19 patients and predictors for developing severe events, Front Med
Weinberg, Iron and susceptibility to infectious disease, Science
Wrotek, Brycht, Wrotek, Fever as a factor contributing to long-term survival in a patient with metastatic melanoma: a case report, Complement Ther Med
Wrotek, Kamecki, Kwiatkowski, Cancer patients report a history of fewer fevers during infections than healthy controls, J Pre Clin Clin Res
Wu, Chen, Cai, Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China, JAMA Intern Med
Wysocki, Center, Brzostek, A randomized study of fever prophylaxis and the immunogenicity of routine pediatric vaccinations, Vaccine
Young, Bellomo, Bernard, Fever control in critically ill adults. An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, Intensive Care Med
Young, Saxena, Beasley, Early peak temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with or without infection, Intensive Care Med
Young, Saxena, Beasley, Fever and antipyresis in infection, Med J Aust
Young, Saxena, Bellomo, Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected infection, N Engl J Med
Zbikowska, Wrotek, Cichy, Thermal preferences of wintering snails Planorbarius corneus (L.) exposed to lipopolysaccharide and Zymosan, J Invertebr Pathol
Zhu, Ji, Pang, Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis, J Med Virol
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 9]], 'date-time': '2024-01-09T11:45:22Z', 'timestamp': 1704800722817},
'reference-count': 111,
'publisher': 'Oxford University Press (OUP)',
'issue': '1',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 23]],
'date-time': '2020-11-23T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1606089600000},
'content-version': 'vor',
'delay-in-days': 0,
'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}],
'funder': [{'name': 'Polish Minister of Science and Higher Education', 'award': ['008/RID/2018/19']}],
'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False},
'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 26]]},
'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Although fever is one of the main presenting '
'symptoms of COVID-19 infection, little public attention has been given to fever as an evolved '
'defense. Fever, the regulated increase in the body temperature, is part of the evolved '
'systemic reaction to infection known as the acute phase response. The heat of fever augments '
'the performance of immune cells, induces stress on pathogens and infected cells directly, and '
'combines with other stressors to provide a nonspecific immune defense. Observational trials '
'in humans suggest a survival benefit from fever, and randomized trials published before '
'COVID-19 do not support fever reduction in patients with infection. Like public health '
'measures that seem burdensome and excessive, fevers involve costly trade-offs but they can '
'prevent infection from getting out of control. For infections with novel SARS-CoV-2, the '
'precautionary principle applies: unless evidence suggests otherwise, we advise that fever '
'should be allowed to run its course.</jats:p><jats:p>Lay summary: For COVID-19, many public '
'health organizations have advised treating fever with medicines such as acetaminophen or '
'ibuprofen. Even though this is a common practice, lowering body temperature has not improved '
'survival in laboratory animals or in patients with infections. Blocking fever can be harmful '
'because fever, along with other sickness symptoms, evolved as a defense against infection. '
'Fever works by causing more damage to pathogens and infected cells than it does to healthy '
'cells in the body. During pandemic COVID-19, the benefits of allowing fever to occur probably '
'outweigh its harms, for individuals and for the public at large.</jats:p>',
'DOI': '10.1093/emph/eoaa044',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': { 'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 11]],
'date-time': '2020-11-11T12:10:03Z',
'timestamp': 1605096603000},
'page': '26-35',
'source': 'Crossref',
'is-referenced-by-count': 20,
'title': 'Let fever do its job',
'prefix': '10.1093',
'volume': '9',
'author': [ { 'given': 'Sylwia',
'family': 'Wrotek',
'sequence': 'first',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, '
'Poland'}]},
{ 'given': 'Edmund K',
'family': 'LeGrand',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of '
'Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN, '
'USA'}]},
{ 'given': 'Artur',
'family': 'Dzialuk',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Genetics, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, '
'Poland'}]},
{ 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-164X',
'authenticated-orcid': False,
'given': 'Joe',
'family': 'Alcock',
'sequence': 'additional',
'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, '
'Albuquerque, USA'}]}],
'member': '286',
'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 23]]},
'reference': [ { 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B1',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e21',
'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8',
'article-title': 'Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk '
'for COVID-19 infection?',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Fang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B2',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2096',
'DOI': '10.3390/jcm9072096',
'article-title': 'ACE2 as a therapeutic target for COVID-19; its role in infectious '
'processes and regulation by modulators of the RAAS system',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Michaud',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Clin Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B3',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '7448',
'DOI': '10.7150/thno.48076',
'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and research gaps: understanding SARS-CoV-2 '
'interaction with the ACE2 receptor and implications for therapy',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Datta',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Theranostics'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B4',
'first-page': '8',
'article-title': 'Could fever improve COVID-19 outcomes?',
'volume': '37',
'author': 'Schmitt',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Contemp Pediatrics'},
{'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B5', 'author': 'Steiner', 'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B6',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1902',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25884',
'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis',
'volume': '92',
'author': 'Zhu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B7',
'author': 'World Health Organization',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B8',
'author': 'National Health Service',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B9',
'author': 'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B10',
'author': 'European Medicines Agency',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B11',
'author': 'Food and Drug Administration',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B12',
'author': 'National Institute for Health and Care Excellence',
'year': '2020'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B13',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0306-4565(02)00034-7',
'article-title': 'Fever: pathological or physiological, injurious or beneficial?',
'volume': '28',
'author': 'Blatteis',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'J Therm Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B14',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '335',
'DOI': '10.1038/nri3843',
'article-title': 'Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels '
'the heat',
'volume': '15',
'author': 'Evans',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B15',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '322',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.bbi.2015.07.012',
'article-title': 'Fever and sickness behavior: friend or foe?',
'volume': '50',
'author': 'Harden',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Brain Behav Immun'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B16',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '123',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0149-7634(88)80004-6',
'article-title': 'Biological basis of the behavior of sick animals',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Hart',
'year': '1988',
'journal-title': 'Neurosci Biobehav Rev'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B17',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '109',
'DOI': '10.1002/cphy.c130019',
'article-title': 'Fever, immunity, and molecular adaptations',
'volume': '4',
'author': 'Hasday',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Compr Physiol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B18',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '20160266',
'DOI': '10.1098/rspb.2016.0266',
'article-title': 'Self-harm to preferentially harm the pathogens within: non-specific '
'stressors in innate immunity',
'volume': '283',
'author': 'LeGrand',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Proc R Soc B'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B19',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '419',
'DOI': '10.1086/689482',
'article-title': 'Reverse engineering the febrile system',
'volume': '91',
'author': 'Shephard',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Q Rev Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B20',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '25',
'DOI': '10.1086/685302',
'article-title': 'Insurmountable heat: the evolution and persistence of defensive '
'hyperthermia',
'volume': '91',
'author': 'Clint',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Q Rev Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B21',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '26',
'DOI': '10.1097/00007611-200194010-00005',
'article-title': 'Evolutionary approach to medicine',
'volume': '94',
'author': 'Berlim',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'South Med J'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B22',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '99',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.hrtlng.2011.07.002',
'article-title': 'Fever myths and misconceptions: the beneficial effects of fever as a '
'critical component of host defenses against infection',
'volume': '41',
'author': 'Cunha',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Heart Lung'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B23',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70282-8',
'article-title': 'The adaptive value of fever',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Kluger',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Infect Dis Clin North Am'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B24',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '9',
'DOI': '10.1177/000992280204100104',
'article-title': 'Fever: to treat or not to treat',
'volume': '41',
'author': 'Knoebel',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Clin Pediatr (Phila)'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B25',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '555',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.01109.x',
'article-title': 'Symptoms in the host: infection and treatment model',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Purssell',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'J Clin Nurs'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B26',
'first-page': '31',
'article-title': 'Cancer patients report a history of fewer fevers during infections than '
'healthy controls',
'volume': '3',
'author': 'Wrotek',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'J Pre Clin Clin Res'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B27',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '458',
'DOI': '10.5694/mja11.10502',
'article-title': 'Fever and antipyresis in infection',
'volume': '195',
'author': 'Young',
'year': '2011',
'journal-title': 'Med J Aust'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B28',
'first-page': '245',
'article-title': 'The glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Third edition. Revised by '
'the commission for thermal physiology of the International Union of '
'Physiological Sciences (IUPS thermal commission)',
'volume': '51',
'author': 'Mercer',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Jpn J Physiol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B29',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e0171670',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0171670',
'article-title': 'Sickness behavior in feverish children is independent of the severity '
'of fever. An observational, multicenter study',
'volume': '12',
'author': 'Corrard',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B30',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '477',
'DOI': '10.1152/physrev.00039.2016',
'article-title': 'Neuroimmune interactions: from the brain to the immune system and vice '
'versa',
'volume': '98',
'author': 'Dantzer',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Physiol Rev'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B31',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '355',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.therap.2020.05.003',
'article-title': 'Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pharmacology, and COVID-19 '
'infection',
'volume': '75',
'author': 'Micallef',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Therapie'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B32',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '297',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00360-012-0718-z',
'article-title': 'A review of the physiology of fever in birds',
'volume': '183',
'author': 'Gray',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'J Comp Physiol B Biochem Syst Environ Physiol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B33',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '57',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jip.2012.08.011',
'article-title': 'Thermal preferences of wintering snails Planorbarius corneus (L.) '
'exposed to lipopolysaccharide and Zymosan',
'volume': '112',
'author': 'Żbikowska',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'J Invertebr Pathol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B34',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1623',
'DOI': '10.1086/644642',
'article-title': 'Vertebrate endothermy restricts most fungi as potential pathogens',
'volume': '200',
'author': 'Robert',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B35',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e00535',
'DOI': '10.1128/mBio.00535-18',
'article-title': 'The efficacy of the interferon alpha/beta response versus arboviruses '
'is temperature dependent',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Lane',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'mBio'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B36',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '718',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.abc6027',
'article-title': 'Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in '
'severe COVID-19 patients',
'volume': '369',
'author': 'Hadjadj',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B37',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '185',
'DOI': '10.1038/nri749',
'article-title': 'Roles of heat-shock proteins in innate and adaptive immunity',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'Srivastava',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Nat Rev Immunol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B38',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '374',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.760197',
'article-title': 'Fever and reduced iron: their interaction as a host defense response to '
'bacterial infection',
'volume': '203',
'author': 'Kluger',
'year': '1979',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B39',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '550',
'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/145.4.550',
'article-title': 'Effects of temperature on antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria',
'volume': '145',
'author': 'Mackowiak',
'year': '1982',
'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B40',
'first-page': '966',
'article-title': 'Response of cells to hyperthermia under acute and chronic hypoxic '
'conditions',
'volume': '39',
'author': 'Gerweck',
'year': '1979',
'journal-title': 'Cancer Res'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B41',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '9',
'DOI': '10.1111/apa.13221',
'article-title': 'Fever phobia 35 years later: did we fail?',
'volume': '105',
'author': 'Bertille',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Acta Paediatr'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B42',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1393',
'DOI': '10.1111/apa.14739',
'article-title': 'Systematic review finds that fever phobia is a worldwide issue among '
'caregivers and healthcare providers',
'volume': '108',
'author': 'Clericetti',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Acta Paediatr'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B43',
'first-page': 'CD003031',
'article-title': 'Prophylactic drug management for febrile seizures in children',
'volume': '2',
'author': 'Offringa',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Cochrane Database Syst Rev'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B44',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '78',
'DOI': '10.1136/adc.78.1.78',
'article-title': 'Do seizures damage the brain? The epidemiological evidence',
'volume': '78',
'author': 'Verity',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'Arch Dis Child'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B45',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '260',
'DOI': '10.1590/0037-8682-0209-2013',
'article-title': 'Healing with malaria: a brief historical review of malariotherapy for '
'neurosyphilis, mental disorders and other infectious diseases',
'volume': '47',
'author': 'Freitas',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Rev Soc Bras Med Trop'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B46',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '686',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.342.6159.686',
'article-title': 'Malaria as lifesaving therapy',
'volume': '342',
'author': 'Vogel',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B47',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '29',
'DOI': '10.2147/ITT.S163924',
'article-title': 'William Bradley Coley, MD, and the phenomenon of spontaneous regression',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Vernon',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Immunotargets Ther'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B48',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '7',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.009',
'article-title': 'Fever as a factor contributing to long-term survival in a patient with '
'metastatic melanoma: a case report',
'volume': '38',
'author': 'Wrotek',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Complement Ther Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B49',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '3',
'DOI': '10.1086/663946',
'article-title': 'Turning up the heat: immune brinksmanship in the acute-phase response',
'volume': '87',
'author': 'LeGrand',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Q Rev Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B50',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '704',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(97)02255-1',
'article-title': 'Effect of paracetamol on parasite clearance time in Plasmodium '
'falciparum malaria',
'volume': '350',
'author': 'Brandts',
'year': '1997',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B51',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1045',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80461-5',
'article-title': 'Acetaminophen: more harm than good for chickenpox?',
'volume': '114',
'author': 'Doran',
'year': '1989',
'journal-title': 'J Pediatr'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B52',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '786',
'DOI': '10.3390/jcm8060786',
'article-title': 'Risks related to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in '
'community-acquired pneumonia in adult and pediatric patients',
'volume': '8',
'author': 'Voiriot',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'J Clin Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B53',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2118',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67890-7',
'article-title': 'Mitochondrial DNA and survival after sepsis: a prospective study',
'volume': '366',
'author': 'Baudouin',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B54',
'first-page': '473',
'article-title': 'Hospitalized acute patients with fever and severe infection have lower '
'mortality than patients with hypo- or normothermia: a follow-up study',
'volume': '109',
'author': 'Henriksen',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'QJM-Mon J Assoc Phys'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B55',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '591',
'DOI': '10.1097/CCM.0000000000002249',
'article-title': 'Fever in the emergency department predicts survival of patients with '
'severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to the ICU',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Sundén-Cullberg',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Crit Care Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B56',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '437',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-012-2478-3',
'article-title': 'Early peak temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with or '
'without infection',
'volume': '38',
'author': 'Young',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B57',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '934',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994',
'article-title': 'Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and '
'death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, '
'China',
'volume': '180',
'author': 'Wu',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B58',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '324',
'DOI': '10.3389/fmed.2020.00324',
'article-title': 'Clinical characteristics of adult fevered COVID-19 patients and '
'predictors for developing severe events',
'volume': '7',
'author': 'Wang',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B59',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2215',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa1508375',
'article-title': 'Acetaminophen for fever in critically ill patients with suspected '
'infection',
'volume': '373',
'author': 'Young',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B60',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '912',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJM199703273361303',
'article-title': 'The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients '
'with sepsis. The ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group',
'volume': '336',
'author': 'Bernard',
'year': '1997',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B61',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2174',
'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2013.280506',
'article-title': 'Induced hypothermia in severe bacterial meningitis: a randomized '
'clinical trial',
'volume': '310',
'author': 'Mourvillier',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'JAMA'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B62',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '183',
'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30004-3',
'article-title': 'Induced hypothermia in patients with septic shock and respiratory '
'failure (CASS): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial',
'volume': '6',
'author': 'Itenov',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B63',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '468',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-019-05553-w',
'article-title': 'Fever control in critically ill adults. An individual patient data '
'meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Young',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B64',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1277',
'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/162.6.1277',
'article-title': 'Adverse effects of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen on immune '
'function, viral shedding, and clinical status in rhinovirus-infected '
'volunteers',
'volume': '162',
'author': 'Graham',
'year': '1990',
'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B65',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e98175',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0098175',
'article-title': 'Effects of prophylactic and therapeutic paracetamol treatment during '
'vaccination on hepatitis B antibody levels in adults: two open-label, '
'randomized controlled trials',
'volume': '9',
'author': 'Doedée',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'PLoS One'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B66',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '971',
'DOI': '10.1097/INF.0000000000001949',
'article-title': 'Impact of fever and antipyretic use on influenza vaccine immune '
'reponses in children',
'volume': '37',
'author': 'Li-Kim-Moy',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'Pediatr Infect Dis J'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B67',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1339',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61208-3',
'article-title': 'Effect of prophylactic paracetamol administration at time of '
'vaccination on febrile reactions and antibody responses in children: '
'two open-label, randomised controlled trials',
'volume': '374',
'author': 'Prymula',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B68',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1926',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.035',
'article-title': 'A randomized study of fever prophylaxis and the immunogenicity of '
'routine pediatric vaccinations',
'volume': '35',
'author': 'Wysocki',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Vaccine'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B69',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1993',
'DOI': '10.4161/hv.28666',
'article-title': 'A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent meningococcal '
'serogroup B vaccine (I)',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Prymula',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Hum Vaccin Immunother'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B70',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2999',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.009',
'article-title': 'Effect of prophylactic or therapeutic administration of paracetamol on '
'immune response to DTwP-HepB-Hib combination vaccine in Indian infants',
'volume': '35',
'author': 'Sil',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Vaccine'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B71',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '6664',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.020',
'article-title': 'The effect of antipyretics on immune response and fever following '
'receipt of inactivated influenza vaccine in young children',
'volume': '35',
'author': 'Walter',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'Vaccine'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B72',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2619',
'DOI': '10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2619',
'article-title': 'Activated human B lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and '
'cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuate antibody production',
'volume': '174',
'author': 'Ryan',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'J Immunol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B73',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '18',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.03.007',
'article-title': 'Ibuprofen and other widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs '
'inhibit antibody production in human cells',
'volume': '258',
'author': 'Bancos',
'year': '2009',
'journal-title': 'Cell Immunol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B74',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '20132570',
'DOI': '10.1098/rspb.2013.2570',
'article-title': 'Population-level effects of suppressing fever',
'volume': '281',
'author': 'Earn',
'year': '2014',
'journal-title': 'Proc R Soc B'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B75',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '639',
'DOI': '10.1002/jmv.25749',
'article-title': 'The transmission and diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus infection '
'disease (COVID-19): A Chinese perspective',
'volume': '92',
'author': 'Han',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'J Med Virol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B76',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '75',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03472.x',
'article-title': 'The smoke detector principle. Natural selection and the regulation of '
'defensive responses',
'volume': '935',
'author': 'Nesse',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Ann N Y Acad Sci'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B77',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '706',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.abc3545',
'article-title': 'Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral '
'recognition',
'volume': '369',
'author': 'Broggi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B78',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '712',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.abc2061',
'article-title': 'Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during '
'recovery from viral infection',
'volume': '369',
'author': 'Major',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B79',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1451',
'DOI': '10.1038/s41418-020-0530-3',
'article-title': 'COVID-19 infection: the perspectives on immune responses',
'volume': '27',
'author': 'Shi',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Cell Death Differ'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B80',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1369',
'DOI': '10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.6702',
'article-title': '“Less is more” in critically ill patients: not too intensive',
'volume': '173',
'author': 'Kox',
'year': '2013',
'journal-title': 'JAMA Intern Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B81',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '311',
'DOI': '10.1186/cc8979',
'article-title': 'Thirty years of critical care medicine',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Vincent',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Crit Care'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B82',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'R1',
'DOI': '10.1186/cc8230',
'article-title': 'Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional '
'tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive '
'randomized controlled trial',
'volume': '14',
'author': 'Determann',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'Crit Care'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B83',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2143',
'DOI': '10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014494',
'article-title': 'Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction',
'volume': '131',
'author': 'Stub',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'Circulation'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B84',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1629',
'DOI': '10.1007/s00134-019-05765-0',
'article-title': 'Less is more in nutrition: critically ill patients are starving but not '
'hungry',
'volume': '45',
'author': 'Arabi',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Intensive Care Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B85',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2223',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa1701380',
'article-title': 'Early, goal-directed therapy for septic shock - A patient-level '
'meta-analysis',
'volume': '376',
'author': 'Rowan',
'year': '2017',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B86',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '952',
'DOI': '10.1126/science.184.4140.952',
'article-title': 'Iron and susceptibility to infectious disease',
'volume': '184',
'author': 'Weinberg',
'year': '1974',
'journal-title': 'Science'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B87',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1394',
'DOI': '10.1152/japplphysiol.00004.2016',
'article-title': 'Spontaneous hypothermia in human sepsis is a transient, self-limiting, '
'and nonterminal response',
'volume': '120',
'author': 'Fonseca',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'J Appl Physiol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B88',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1358',
'DOI': '10.2105/AJPH.91.9.1358',
'article-title': 'The precautionary principle also applies to public health actions',
'volume': '91',
'author': 'Goldstein',
'year': '2001',
'journal-title': 'Am J Public Health'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B89',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '448',
'DOI': '10.1056/NEJM199902113400607',
'article-title': 'Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation',
'volume': '340',
'author': 'Gabay',
'year': '1999',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B90',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '44',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2019.09.002',
'article-title': 'Lassitude: the emotion of being sick',
'volume': '41',
'author': 'Schrock',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Evol Hum Behav'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B91',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1004',
'DOI': '10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01004',
'article-title': 'The Inclusive Behavioral immune system',
'volume': '10',
'author': 'Shakhar',
'year': '2019',
'journal-title': 'Front Psychol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B92',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '543',
'DOI': '10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02218.x',
'article-title': 'Energy regulation and neuroendocrine-immune control in chronic '
'inflammatory diseases',
'volume': '267',
'author': 'Straub',
'year': '2010',
'journal-title': 'J Intern Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B93',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '10',
'DOI': '10.1164/ajrccm.151.1.7812538',
'article-title': 'Effect of cooling on oxygen consumption in febrile critically ill '
'patients',
'volume': '151',
'author': 'Manthous',
'year': '1995',
'journal-title': 'Am J Respir Crit Care Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B94',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e1002276',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pbio.1002276',
'article-title': 'Why do we feel sick when infected–can altruism play a role?',
'volume': '13',
'author': 'Shakhar',
'year': '2015',
'journal-title': 'PLoS Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B95',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '97',
'DOI': '10.5582/irdr.2016.01009',
'article-title': 'Fever as an important resource for infectious diseases research',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'González Plaza',
'year': '2016',
'journal-title': 'Intractable Rare Dis Res'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B96',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '33',
'DOI': '10.1016/S1040-8428(01)00179-2',
'article-title': 'The cellular and molecular basis of hyperthermia',
'volume': '43',
'author': 'Hildebrandt',
'year': '2002',
'journal-title': 'Crit Rev Oncol Hematol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B97',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '463',
'DOI': '10.1148/123.2.463',
'article-title': 'Cellular responses to combinations of hyperthermia and radiation',
'volume': '123',
'author': 'Dewey',
'year': '1977',
'journal-title': 'Radiology'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B98',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1',
'DOI': '10.2174/1875041901205010001',
'article-title': 'Definition of inflammation, causes of inflammation and possible '
'anti-inflammatory strategies',
'volume': '5',
'author': 'Stankov',
'year': '2012',
'journal-title': 'Open Inflamm J'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B99',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1447',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91684-0',
'article-title': 'Thermal detection of cellular infiltrates in living atherosclerotic '
'plaques: possible implications for plaque rupture and thrombosis',
'volume': '347',
'author': 'Casscells',
'year': '1996',
'journal-title': 'Lancet'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B100',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'C80',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.050',
'article-title': 'Intracoronary thermography for detection of high-risk vulnerable '
'plaques',
'volume': '47',
'author': 'Madjid',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'J Am Coll Cardiol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B101',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '425',
'DOI': '10.1093/cvr/cvm003',
'article-title': 'Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 mediates temperature heterogeneity '
'in atherosclerotic plaques',
'volume': '77',
'author': 'Van De Parre',
'year': '2007',
'journal-title': 'Cardiovasc Res'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B102',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '366',
'DOI': '10.1093/infdis/150.3.366',
'article-title': 'Increased energy expenditure by granulocytes during phagocytosis of '
'Staphylococcus aureus compared with other staphylococci',
'volume': '150',
'author': 'Eftimiadi',
'year': '1984',
'journal-title': 'J Infect Dis'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B103',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '23',
'DOI': '10.1016/0040-6031(92)80120-L',
'article-title': 'A comparison of the calorimetric analysis of granulocyte activation by '
'flow and batch systems',
'volume': '207',
'author': 'Ljunggren',
'year': '1992',
'journal-title': 'Thermochimica Acta'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B104',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '91',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0165-022X(98)00015-3',
'article-title': 'Determination of the respiratory burst of polymorphonuclear leukocytes '
'by microcalorimetry',
'volume': '37',
'author': 'Tan',
'year': '1998',
'journal-title': 'J Biochem Biophys Methods'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B105',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '57',
'DOI': '10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00659-5',
'article-title': 'Calorimetry: a highly sensitive technique for evaluating the effect of '
'IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-10 on the response of peripheral blood mononuclear '
'cells',
'volume': '327',
'author': 'Nogueira-Machado',
'year': '1999',
'journal-title': 'Thermochimica Acta'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B106',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': 'e2003992',
'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pbio.2003992',
'article-title': 'Mitochondria are physiologically maintained at close to 50°C',
'volume': '16',
'author': 'Chrétien',
'year': '2018',
'journal-title': 'PLoS Biol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B107',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '2089',
'DOI': '10.1093/humrep/deg412',
'article-title': 'History of febrile illness and variation in semen quality',
'volume': '18',
'author': 'Carlsen',
'year': '2003',
'journal-title': 'Hum Reprod'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B108',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '507',
'DOI': '10.1002/bdra.20277',
'article-title': 'Review: hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy',
'volume': '76',
'author': 'Edwards',
'year': '2006',
'journal-title': 'Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B109',
'article-title': 'Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 - preliminary '
'report',
'author': 'Group',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B110',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '457',
'DOI': '10.1016/j.coi.2005.07.013',
'article-title': 'The aging innate immune system',
'volume': '17',
'author': 'Gomez',
'year': '2005',
'journal-title': 'Curr Opin Immunol'},
{ 'key': '2021111801521653000_eoaa044-B111',
'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref',
'first-page': '1748',
'DOI': '10.3389/fimmu.2020.01748',
'article-title': 'Remodeling of the immune response with aging: immunosenescence and its '
'potential impact on COVID-19 immune response',
'volume': '11',
'author': 'Cunha',
'year': '2020',
'journal-title': 'Front Immunol'}],
'container-title': 'Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health',
'original-title': [],
'language': 'en',
'link': [ { 'URL': 'http://academic.oup.com/emph/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/emph/eoaa044/34463787/eoaa044.pdf',
'content-type': 'application/pdf',
'content-version': 'am',
'intended-application': 'syndication'},
{ 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/emph/article-pdf/9/1/26/41145756/eoaa044.pdf',
'content-type': 'application/pdf',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'syndication'},
{ 'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/emph/article-pdf/9/1/26/41145756/eoaa044.pdf',
'content-type': 'unspecified',
'content-version': 'vor',
'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}],
'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 10, 12]],
'date-time': '2023-10-12T01:51:28Z',
'timestamp': 1697075488000},
'score': 1,
'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://academic.oup.com/emph/article/9/1/26/5998648'}},
'subtitle': [],
'short-title': [],
'issued': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 23]]},
'references-count': 111,
'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 26]]}},
'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa044',
'relation': {},
'ISSN': ['2050-6201'],
'subject': [ 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis', 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics',
'Medicine (miscellaneous)'],
'published-other': {'date-parts': [[2021, 1, 1]]},
'published': {'date-parts': [[2020, 11, 23]]}}
