Summary of COVID-19 beta-glucans studies

1. Raghavan et al., Beneficial effects of novel aureobasidium pullulans strains produced beta-1,3-1,6 glucans on interleukin-6 and D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients; results of a randomized multiple-arm pilot clinical study

24 patient beta-glucans late treatment RCT: no change in oxygen therapy (p=1) and 12% longer hospitalization.
RCT 24 hospitalized COVID-19 patients showing potential benefit with Aureobasidium pullulans beta-glucan supplementation. While inflammatory markers (IL-6, D-dimer) initially decreased in all groups by day 15, they rebounded to abnormal levels by day 30 in the control group but continued decreasing in both beta glucan groups. The combination group showed the most consistent improvements in inflammatory markers including NLR, LCR, and LeCR ratios.
Sep 2021, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332221010271, https://c19p.org/raghavan

2. Pushkala et al., Efficient Control of IL-6, CRP and Ferritin in COVID-19 Patients With Two Variants of Beta-1,3-1,6 Glucans in Combination: An Open-Label, Prospective, Randomised Clinical Trial

40 patient beta-glucans early treatment RCT: 444% higher ventilation (p=0.2) and 444% higher ICU admission (p=0.2).
RCT 40 COVID-19 patients showing significantly decreased IL-6 levels at day 7 with the combination of AFO-202 and N-163 beta-glucans compared to standard treatment, however there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes.
Jan 2025, Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/27536130251327134, https://c19p.org/pushkala