Scutellaria barbata D. Don extracts alleviate SARS-CoV-2 induced acute lung injury by inhibiting virus replication and bi-directional immune modulation
Yan Ran, Zinuo Chen, Carolina Q Sacramento, Lingyuan Fan, Qinghua Cui, Lijun Rong, Ruikun Du
Virologica Sinica, doi:10.1016/j.virs.2025.04.004
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and drug-resistant mutants emphasizes the urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effect of the Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SBD), against SARS-CoV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. Using a viral replicon particle (VRP)-based mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, our study revealed that SBD extracts can reduce viral load in mouse lungs and alleviate the viral induced pneumonia. In vitro antiviral determination further validated the direct acting antiviral efficacy of SBD extracts against SARS-CoV-2 replication. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SBD can act against SARS-CoV-2 replication by targeting both 3-chymotrypsin-like and papain-like cysteine proteases, via a combination of multiple active constituents. Moreover, SBD can modulate the host inflammation response in a bi-directional manner, which also contribute to the mitigation of viral induced acute lung injury. In summary, our study provides SBD as a promising therapeutic agent to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections that merit further development.
ETHICS STATEMENT All animal procedures were performed in accordance with protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Approval No., SDUTCM20231129121).
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS Ruikun Du and Lijun Rong conceptualized the project and design of the research; Yan Ran and Zinuo Chen carried out the experiments; Lingyuan Fan participated in part of the experiment; Yan Ran, Zinuo Chen and Qinghua Cui contributed to data collection and analysis; Yan Ran, Ruikun Du, Carolina Q. Sacramento and Lijun Rong wrote the manuscript; Ruikun Du and Qinghua Cui provided grant support and supervised the study. All authors read and approved the submitted manuscript.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST Prof. Lijun Rong is an editorial board member for Virologica Sinica and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
APPENDIX A. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://do i.org/10.1016/j.virs.2025.04.004 .
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