Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/v18070804", "ISSN": [ "1999-4915" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v18070804", "abstract": "<jats:p>Coronaviruses (family Coronaviridae) are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with broad host adaptability. They transmit across species among humans, livestock, companion animals, and wildlife, eliciting a disease spectrum ranging from mild respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms to fatal multi-organ failure, thereby posing significant challenges to global health. In this context, drug repurposing has emerged as a practical strategy for rapidly identifying broad-spectrum antivirals against emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses. Using coronaviruses as a paradigm, this review systematically summarizes research advances and mechanistic insights into the repurposing of existing drugs against coronaviruses. Simultaneously, we dissect core challenges including species-specific pharmacokinetic disparities, insufficient inter-genera conservation of viral targets, and systemic barriers between human and veterinary drug regulatory frameworks and propose innovative solutions encompassing AI-driven cross-species drug prediction, next-generation cross-species infection models, and a “human-veterinary dual-track” collaborative research and development system. Collectively, this review highlights the promise of drug repurposing as a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy and provides a translational perspective for the development of cross-species anti-coronavirus therapeutics.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "v18070804" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Du", "given": "Shuai", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Wang", "given": "Yue", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Liu", "given": "Chao", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Han", "given": "Yiming", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Zong", "given": "Rui", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" }, { "name": "International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Wang", "given": "Shen", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" }, { "name": "International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "family": "Du", "given": "Wenjuan", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-1795", "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Yu", "given": "Linyang", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3264-2991", "affiliation": [ { "name": "College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" }, { "name": "International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" }, { "name": "Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China" }, { "name": "Longhu Laboratory of Advanced Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Li", "given": "Yongtao", "role": [ { "role": "author", "vocabulary": "crossref" } ], "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Viruses", "container-title-short": "Viruses", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 21 ] ], "date-time": "2026-07-21T16:16:39Z", "timestamp": 1784650599000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-07-23T04:29:46Z", "timestamp": 1784780986000 }, "funder": [ { "DOI": "10.13039/501100001809", "award": [ "No. 32573409, No. 32172839" ], "award-info": [ { "award-number": [ "No. 32573409, No. 32172839" ] } ], "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/501100001809", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "National Natural Science Foundation of China" }, { "award": [ "No. 32573409, No. 32172839" ], "award-info": [ { "award-number": [ "No. 32573409, No. 32172839" ] } ], "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "https://ror.org/01h0zpd94", "id-type": "ROR" } ] }, { "DOI": "10.13039/501100006407", "award": [ "No. 252300423606" ], "award-info": [ { "award-number": [ "No. 252300423606" ] } ], "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "crossref", "id": "10.13039/501100006407", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "Natural Science Foundation of Henan" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2026-07-23T05:04:02Z", "timestamp": 1784783042033, "version": "3.55.0" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "7", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 21 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "7", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 21 ] ], "date-time": "2026-07-21T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1784592000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/18/7/804/pdf", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1968", "original-title": [], "page": "804", "prefix": "10.3390", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 21 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 7, 21 ] ] }, "publisher": "MDPI AG", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1016/S0065-3527(08)60286-9", "article-title": "The molecular biology of coronaviruses", "author": "Lai", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1", "journal-title": "Adv. 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