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Green antiseptic for hand hygiene with high activity against SARS-CoV-2: Iota-carrageenan, quercetin, and Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil based nanoemulsion

de Araujo et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140920, Feb 2025
In Vitro study showing that a nanoemulsion combining quercetin, iota-carrageenan, and Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) essential oil inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication by 100% in epithelial cells, with no cytotoxicity observed. Authors developed two oil-in-water antiseptic nanoformulations, each averaging 150 nm particle size and stable for at least three months. The antiviral efficacy is attributed to quercetin’s known inhibition of 3CLpro, PLpro, and S protein-ACE2 binding; carrageenan’s ability to block viral adsorption and internalization; and tea tree oil’s disruption of viral envelope integrity. This formulation aims to offer an alcohol-free alternative for hand hygiene, reducing skin damage and environmental toxicity while maintaining potent virucidal activity.
Study covers quercetin and iota-carrageenan.
de Araujo et al., 11 Feb 2025, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
In Vitro studies are an important part of preclinical research, however results may be very different in vivo.
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